Descriptive Essay About a Person

Zarja G. ESSAY #: About a person They say you will never forget the person you first laid your eyes on. A tinny glimpse, which you probably do not remember, although it somehow stayed in your heart. Not the picture but the feeling you had when you saw him/her. The feeling of warmth, safety and joy. Without them you feel lost not really yourself. Somehow they are a part of you, a part of your world, your heart. For me that is my mother. Her voice calms me down.After moving to Vienna I was a bit homesick, but my mom would call me and everything would get better in a second. Just the sound of her voice is what I need from time to time. She is very good with words and almost knows what you want to hear when you are sad. Being a journalist and a writer explains her love of books and literature in general. She loves telling stories and is really good at it. She puts her heart and soul in what she writes. She never talks about her feelings, but in stories and short stories she always does.W riting somehow makes her feel better. It makes her emotions be heard without a voice just by the words on a white paper. The picture of my mother will never ever disappear from my mind. Her curly brown hair with a ribbon in them so they do not hide her face, her dark brown eyes and the smile which lights up my world. She is not that tall probably the same height as me. Her style for clothing is a bit different from other mothers, but I love that. She never wears heals and her favorite shoes are converse Allstars. My mother is a fantastic cook.Whatever she prepares is absolutely delicious. Even our neighbors tell us that after my parents moved to Klagenfurt even they miss the smell of her gingerbread cookies. For me it is a smell of Christmas. You can smell cinnamon and honey and you can almost immediately feel your mouth water. Right after the cookies were done in our family they quite quickly disappeared. She is the one who is always there for me. If I am in trouble or just sad I k now I can always count on her. She would walk to my room close the door and slowly sit next to me.Without even asking she would know I am not okay. Her presence made me always feel better even though I was broken inside. Her hand would slowly rub my back and she would whisper in my ear: ‘‘I am here everything will be okay. ’’ And it always was. I could say my mother is my best friend which will never disappear from my life. Her personality and charisma makes me want to be just like her when I grow up. We are kind of inseparable. I am always there for her as well as she is there for me. I love my mom. Descriptive Essay About a Person Zarja G. ESSAY #: About a person They say you will never forget the person you first laid your eyes on. A tinny glimpse, which you probably do not remember, although it somehow stayed in your heart. Not the picture but the feeling you had when you saw him/her. The feeling of warmth, safety and joy. Without them you feel lost not really yourself. Somehow they are a part of you, a part of your world, your heart. For me that is my mother. Her voice calms me down.After moving to Vienna I was a bit homesick, but my mom would call me and everything would get better in a second. Just the sound of her voice is what I need from time to time. She is very good with words and almost knows what you want to hear when you are sad. Being a journalist and a writer explains her love of books and literature in general. She loves telling stories and is really good at it. She puts her heart and soul in what she writes. She never talks about her feelings, but in stories and short stories she always does.W riting somehow makes her feel better. It makes her emotions be heard without a voice just by the words on a white paper. The picture of my mother will never ever disappear from my mind. Her curly brown hair with a ribbon in them so they do not hide her face, her dark brown eyes and the smile which lights up my world. She is not that tall probably the same height as me. Her style for clothing is a bit different from other mothers, but I love that. She never wears heals and her favorite shoes are converse Allstars. My mother is a fantastic cook.Whatever she prepares is absolutely delicious. Even our neighbors tell us that after my parents moved to Klagenfurt even they miss the smell of her gingerbread cookies. For me it is a smell of Christmas. You can smell cinnamon and honey and you can almost immediately feel your mouth water. Right after the cookies were done in our family they quite quickly disappeared. She is the one who is always there for me. If I am in trouble or just sad I k now I can always count on her. She would walk to my room close the door and slowly sit next to me.Without even asking she would know I am not okay. Her presence made me always feel better even though I was broken inside. Her hand would slowly rub my back and she would whisper in my ear: ‘‘I am here everything will be okay. ’’ And it always was. I could say my mother is my best friend which will never disappear from my life. Her personality and charisma makes me want to be just like her when I grow up. We are kind of inseparable. I am always there for her as well as she is there for me. I love my mom.

How Organizations Can Learn from Failure

How can organizations learn from failure? Companies can learn from failure by setting up clear systems of measurement and utilizing certain performance indicators which record failures in detail. Simply not overlooking failure as something inevitable? First failure is defined. Second explanations on how organizations should go about thinking about failure in the right way. Third, elaboration on methods organizations could potentially use to learn from failure. Finally, what organizations can learn from failing.Even though there is a no precise definition for failure in organizations, there is a general agreement to what failure means and could lead to. Failure is broadly defined as a condition of not meeting the intended objective or end. Failure could result in the depletion of finance, shrinking market, exit from the market, loss of market share, project failure and loss of legitimacy. We can assume that failure has negative consequences even though the final outcome may be positiv e, with firms learning from failure.Understanding the need for learning from failure is unquestionable; however it is tough for organizations to put this into practice. It is crucial that organizations understand failure and think about it in the right way before they can go about implementing procedures to prevent such failures from happening in the future. Learning from failure involves understanding that failure is not always bad and that learning from failure is no straightforward task. An organization cannot simply reflect on what they did wrong and expect to not make the same mistakes again.Organizations have to understand about the different degrees of failure which occur on a scale ranging from blameworthy to praiseworthy. They fall into three broad categories which are 1, failures which occur in predictable operations which could be prevented. 2, unavoidable failures which occur in complex organizations which can be managed to prevent snowballing. 3, unwanted outcomes†¦. To learn from failure, we require different strategies for each setting. It is key to detect them early, analyze failures with depth, develop hypothesis, experiments and projects to product them.In order to minimize failure employees first have to feel safe to report these failures. In the article titled strategies for learning from failure the author Amy C. Edmondson talks about http://hbr. org/2011/04/strategies-for-learning-from-failure/ar/1 First the organization has to go about understanding failure in the right way as well as all the possible side†¦ Important for managers to think about failure in the right way. Failure is not always bad. It is sometimes bad and sometimes inevitable and sometimes good.Learning from failure is not a straightforward task. The attitudes and activities required to effectively detect and analyze failures are in short supply in most companies and the need for context-specific learning strategies is underappreciated.? Organizations need new a nd better ways to go beyond lessons which are superficial( procedures which weren’t followed) or self serving ( The market just wasn’t ready for our great new product) That means jettisoning old cultural beliefs and stereotypical notions. The blame game?A spectrum of reasons for failure? http://www. uk. sagepub. com/upm-data/10989_Chapter_9. pdf Failing to learn from failure reasons? -Simply experiencing a negative event is not sufficient for learning. – Learning can be a complicated process, the acquisition of knowledge and the shifts in behavior must occur at all levels of a highly complex system. â€Å"Bazerman and Watkins (2004) contend that, when organizations fail to learn failures, they become susceptible to predictable surprises. What is the difference between predictable and unpredictable surprises?Predictable surprises occur when an organization leadership ignores or fails to understand clear evidence that a potentially devastating problem to occur. T here are different sort of failures and not all failures are created equally. Bazerman and Watkins( 2004) identify four ways in which organizations fail to learn from failures that occur around them: Scanning Failures: failure to pay close attention to potential problems both inside and outside the organization; this failure could be due to arrogance, a lack of resources, or simple inattentions?Intergration failures: failure to understand how pieces of potentially complicated information fit together to provide lessons of how to avoid crises. 3. Incentive Failures: failure to provide sufficient rewards to people who report problems and take actions to avoid possible crises 4. Learning Failures: failure to draw important lessons from crises and preserve their memory in the organization Organizations who face these failures potentially could damage their organizational integrity. Eg Mitroff and Anagnos 2001, Managing Crises before they happen: what every manager needs to know about cr isis management. 1982, Johnson and Johnson could respond to an external crisis with their product being linked to cyanide poisoning and thus the company responded quickly by pulling their stock of capsules from the shelves and having great PR work. J and J knew how to handle their PR well and their product managed to get back to the top seller. J and J however became a victim of its previous success and had not done well with ‘Predictable surprises’ where crises occurred within the company. J and J had failed to do proper product scanning and had been a different sort of failure. failure of a different type? Failure of Success. Problem 1 and 4. Learning from failure: Sitkin 1996- Mittelstaedt (2005) – Failure is an essential part of learning for many organizations. Failures, should not be hidden or avoided. Making mistakes is essential to success, a company which appears to be free from disruption may be operating unrealistically and from a uniformed perspective. â€Å"learning to identify mistakes analytically and timely is the difference between failure and success. † Too often employees and managers are unwilling to admit small failures for fear of reprisal.The unwillingness to recognize and embrace failure is also a failure to recognize and respond to potential crises. The longer these small crises build up the higher likelihood it could escalate into a major crisis. In successful organizations, failure creates recognition of risk and a motivation for change that would not exist otherwise. Describes this recognition as a â€Å"learning readiness† without failure, very difficult to produce in most organizations. Sitkin cautions that not all failures are equally effective in fostering good risk management.Organizations learn best from intelligent failures, which have these characteristics, result from planned actions, uncertain outcomes, modest in scale, and take place in domains that are familiar enough to permit effective learning. Organizations need to recognize risks by accepting and acting on failures. Learn the best when failure results from competent actions, not major crises. Still within the comfort zone and employees are eager and experienced enough to respond. These opportunities arise: Vicarious Learning – learning that occurs as a function of observing, retaining and replicating behavior observed in others.Organizations need not fail as an entity in order to learn. Successful organizations engage in vicarious learning in order to recognize risk, organizational leaders observe the failures or crises experienced by similar organizations and take action to avoid making the same mistakes. Examples of Vicarious Learning- Give!!! Organizational memory: Without learning from their own and other’s mistakes organizations stagnate and fail to respond to potential threats in an ever-changing world. Learning has no use if the knowledge is not retained.An example of failure in organizatio nal memory is the Union carbide plant in Bhopal, India in 1984. Early in December morning, the plant leaked a deadly cloud of gas that settled over part of the sleeping city of a million residents. Within two hours 2000 of them were dead with thousands left injured? Part of the reason for the disaster was a loss in organizational memory. The plant had been slated for closure and many experienced staff had been transferred out, leaving minimal crew with little work experience, with the training for remaining crew at a minimum. The crisis was traced to staff reductions and oversight failures.Much of the blame for the tragedy rests with a rapid reduction in experienced staff that took with them a large share of organizational memory. Organizational memory comprises of, a) Acquiring knowledge, done by recognizing failures within the organization and by observing failures of similar organizations. b) Distributing knowledge is the key to organizational memory. Highly experienced employees will leave the organization and these people should be given an opportunity to share their knowledge around or those departing personnel will go along with their experience. ) Acting upon knowledge, is important for organizational memory to serve an organization. New employees need to learn from those departing ones.! New employees cannot do things their own way or else it will lead to repeat failures†¦.!!!! Employees have many opportunities to discard the hard-earned knowledge. Because organizational memory depends on exchanging information from one person to another perception change, mistreatment and stubbornness to learn can disrupt preserving organizational memory. Organizations need to learn and build from previous experiences.Unlearning: Effective organizational learning depends on an organizations ability to unlearn practices and policies that have become outdated by environmental changes. Example of Unlearning 1. Expanding Options: When organizations are unwilling to forego routine procedures during crisis or potential crisis situations, they lose the capacity to react to unique circumstances. Unlearning enables the organization to expand its options. 2. Contracting Options: In some cases, organizations may respond to a crisis with a strategy that has worked well in the past.In the current situation, however, the strategy from the past may actually make matters worse. In such cases, organizations must be willing to reject some strategies in favor of others. 3. Grafting: In the previous section, we discussed the need for organizations to hand down existing knowledge to new employees. If the socialization of new employees is so intense that they cannot bring new knowledge to the organization, however, the organization is doing itself a disservice. Although organizational memory is essential, some degree of unlearningOpportunity 1: Organizations should treat failure as an opportunity to recognize a potential crisis or to prevent a similar crisis in the future. Opportunity 2: Organizations can avoid crises by learning from the failures and crises of other organizations. Opportunity 3: Organizational training and planning should emphasize the preservation of previous learning in order to make organizational memory a priority. Opportunity 4: Organizations must be willing to unlearn outdated or ineffective procedures if they are to learn better crisis management strategies Bazerman, M. H. & Watkins, M. D. (2004). Predictable surprises: The disasters you should have seen coming and how to prevent them. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Huber, G. P. (1996). Organizational learning: The contributing processes and the literatures. In M. D. Cohen & L. S. Sproull (Eds. ), Organizational learning (pp. 124-162). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Mitroff, I. I. , & Anagnos, G. (2001). Managing crises before they happen: What every executive and manager needs to know about crisis management. New York: AMACOM. Mittelstaedt, R. E. (2005). Will y our next mistake be fatal?Avoiding the chain of mistakes that can destroy. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton. Sitkin, S. B. (1996). Learning through failure: The strategy of small losses. In M. D. Cohen & L. S. Sproull (Eds. ), Organizational learning (pp. 541-578). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Tompkins, P. K. (2005). Apollo, Challenger, Columbia: The decline of the space program. Los Angeles: Roxbury. Organizations who face these failures potentially could damage their organizational integrity. It is important for an organization to identify these failures and act on them while the company is still in operation.Having a crisis management team to prepare, respond and recover from a crisis is paramount in ensuring that the organization recovers and continues. Preparation must happen before a crisis occurs. In times of crisis, organizations need to systematically analyze its errors, acknowledge the errors and limits of the organization as well as address the issue with a level of sophistica tion. When an organization continually fails to differentiate and neglect crisis and failures it could lead to detrimental problems for the organization. Failure/ Crisis Management Case Study 1A hypothetical example would be the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (BP oil spill) that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico from 20 April 2010 to 15 July 2010. The estimated 185 million barrels of oil first made landfall in Louisiana. By June 2010, the tar balls and oil mousse had reached the shores of Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. By August, it had smeared tourist beaches, washed onto the shorelines of sleepy coastal communities, oozed into the marshy bays that fishermen have worked for generations as well as killed millions of wildlife in the process.Instead of dealing with the failure in a professional way, BP inadvertently created a PR situation synonymous with herding cats. It’s had to fight to clear up two quagmires – its oil mess and its tarnished image. (Please Refer to Append ix- New York Times, Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill) In times of crisis or failure, it is important for an organization to understand the need for a comprehensive risk analysis. Should the failure be environmentally or socially threatening, impressions demonstrations of empathy and competence are vital. BP was not prepared to successfully deal with such a catastrophe.To minimize the damage, BP should have immediately accomplished five tasks: 1. Issue regular, frequent progress reports 2. Control the pictures (even some on the Web site appeared to be canned or generic) 3. Transparency 4. Display empathy as a concerned corporate entity comprised of authentic people diligently making a good-faith effort to solve the problem Failure/ Crisis Management Case Study 2 Failure, if properly attended to and rectified is a great plus. It gives the much needed confidence to the public, client or stakeholders in the product and organization.Furthermore, with proper management, the organization will be a ble to assess its capacity to deal with the systemic and circumstantial deficiencies leading to failures and work out a way forward. A great example would be the Johnson and Johnson Tylenol poisoning crisis in 1982. When the Tylenol scare occurred, Johnson and Johnson responded immediately and positively, taking the analgesic off the shelves, keeping the public apprised of the investigation, and their instituting new tamper-proof seals to make their product more secure.An organization needs to be upfront and out front with their communication about the situation and what they are doing to correct it and protect the public. The organization has to keep the public’s best interests at heart when communicating the issue effectively, clearly, accurately, and promptly upon discovering the problem. Having a crisis management plan in place before a crisis occurs puts an organization in a solid position to handle it more effectively and responsibly. Detecting failure, analyising failu re, promoting experiementation? Deviance Inattention Lack of Ability Process Inadequacy Task Challenge Process ComplexityUncertainty Hypothesis Testing Exploratory Testing Blameworthy Praiseworthy Violating a prescribed practice or process by choice Straying away from specifications Does not possess the necessary qualifications or skills for the task Adhering to a prescribed but faulty or incomplete task Task too difficult to be executed reliably each time Process comprises of element breaks when encountering interactions Lack of clarity causes actions which seem reasonable but produces undesired results An experiment to prove and idea, fails Experiment to increase knowledge and understand possibilities leads to an unwanted result

Adult Educational and Training Opportunities Essay

Adult Educational and Training Opportunities - Essay Example Research has proven that baby boomers who approach the retiring age of 65 often find themselves in good health and willing and able to work (Kelch & Harris, 2000). Hence, there is enormous potential for adult education and training opportunities for them. Keeping in view the above scenario, the dilemma lies in how to steer educational and training efforts of adults towards helping the older adults (baby boomers) maintain their skills at workforce. A training need analysis would reveal that there are three key aspects involved in doing so: preparing the in-service, current pre-professional and paraprofessional educational and training opportunities, training certifications, funding and cultural issues as well as issues in climbing up the corporate ladder (New York State Office for Ageing, 2011). Research also shows that the baby boomers tend to be more ethnically diverse and have higher education level than preceding generations (New York State Office for Ageing, 2011). Shortages in l abor supply are likely to result as people providing ole age care will be simultaneously retiring in large numbers.

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

International business - Essay Example This report aims at discussing why certain overseas businesses have a decentralized operations systems while the other follows a more centralized form. There have been several debates and discussions on this topic and the reasons why companies choose different forms of organisational structures in different places. To understand this better it is essential to firstly understand the meaning of decentralised and centralised forms of organisational operations. This will lead various factors that allow companies to choose the different style and also how the two differ in the case of different companies. There have been numerous debates and discussions in regards to the definition of ‘Decentralization’, and in a number of events this term has been mixed with ‘devolution’ or ‘delegation’. In the case of multi national companies and their operations, decentralization can be taken to mean the decision making rights or responsibilities, i.e. away from the centre and spread out across the various locations. Decentralization of a business operation simply means that the operation of every location is separate and based on the needs of the particular location. Here the main managers and heads of the company for each location are held responsible for the strategies, plans and operations of the particular location. In simpler terms the process of decentralization involves the decision making process and authority of the firm to a larger number of actors rather than a limited few in the central office. Operations in these kinds of companies are decentralized and the management for each area is different. Hence a decentralized management allows the company to perform better in the various regions and ensure that the company works in accordance with the region, culture, values and ethics. Also if the operations are tailor made for the

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 79

Summary - Essay Example Rituals are well established form of cultural practices or ceremonies that mark a certain social rite in the society. Although modernity or globalization has contributed to some changes in the African societies, many African societies are still attached to cultural practices, traditions and customary issues. Cultural, traditional and ritual practices are widespread in African societies. The Ndebele people are well known for being artistic people because of artistic creativity and decorations of their homestead. Their historical perspective focuses on the ritualistic practices especially male and female initiation and marriage as well as religious practices or beliefs (Sian Tiley-Nel par.1). The Ndebele people are famous because of creativity in art, traditional practices and religious beliefs. They practice male and female initiation ceremonies known as ingoma or wela and iqhude or ukuthombisa respectively. Marriage ceremony is significant to them, and their ancestors, influences their daily practices. The African coming-of –age rituals are viewed as consisting of three main stages, which includes separation from the society, transcription period and reincorporation into community (Hipple par.3). The first phase involves taking boys and girls into the forest, which is notable for ritual activities. The second phase of transition involves initiating learning activities and training boys and girls on significant skills that will help them to participate in the society. For instance, the Krobo of Ghana trains girls for three weeks on various issues such as ways of dancing and art of seduction, female behaviors in the society and the domestic core skills. However, the initial process for girls in the Senufo of Ivory Coast takes a period of seven or eight years. The third phase reincorporation into society, which is the last phase for African coming of age rituals. This stage involves varied ordeals and tests that are usually painful. The

Short Informal Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short Informal Report - Essay Example During the follow-up visits, I cemented a rapport with the exhibitor representatives and ensured that they received appropriate Indium Corporation literature. Most of the exhibitors were manufacturers of pharmaceuticals, veterinary drugs, agrochemicals, and other chemical products. Chemical products distributors were also well represented. Most manufacturers were interested in the poster since some chemicals that Indium manufactures are raw materials for these companies. A good percentage of the distributors also had an eye on our poster. In total, according to my judgment, about ten exhibitors had a particular interest in Indium Corporation products. Our representatives gave them the Indium Corporation brochure and mini-poster (with Sticker). Five of them received the full-size version of the poster. I told exhibitors that I would telephone them within two weeks for purposes of following up. Richard Harris, technical manager, Grand Saw Machine Company. The company is a distributor of industrial chemicals for metal cutting, maintenance, cleaning, corrosion protection, lubrication, laboratory chemicals, and machine wear reduction. Products include sawing fluids, brighteners, laboratory reactants, sawing fluids, and cleaners. Ronald Franklin, regional manager, Kinex Pharmaceuticals. The company makes pharmaceutical products such as immunology and anti-cancer therapeutics. They thus require starting as well as intermediate raw materials like anhydrous acetate, hydroxide hydrated, and sulfate. Brenda Stinson, General Manager, Dynasty Chemical Corporation. The company requires chemicals from the manufacturing industries in order to distribute to customers. Indium Corporation manufactures most of the chemicals that the distributor needs. The conference gave me an overall impression that that there is a growing market for industrial chemicals.

Fast Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fast Company - Assignment Example In addition, the discourse would explore how these winners tell their story, describe their mission, engage volunteers, and measure success. ACCION International have consistently met the criteria for five years through offering microfinance access to credits that enable poverty stricken individuals and groups to improve their ways of live and well-being. By reaching as much as â€Å"2.5 million active clients and is well on its way to surpassing 3 million by the end of 2007† (Fast Company: Accion, 2012, par. 3). Their long term mission and goal of seeking ways by which millions would learn how to help themselves, this organization envisions the ideals of social responsibility on a more global scope. CITY YEAR, an organization based in Boston, Massachusettes, has likewise met the five criteria through enjoining the youth in rendering services through various productive activities such as tutoring, organizing after school and vacation programs, joining community activities, and engaging in physical service programs (Fast Company: City Year, 2012). This winner has exemplified growth and active involvement of young leaders to complete one full year in service and have consistently manifested growth of membership, locations and accomplishments. Accordingly, the organization has: â€Å"graduated more than 10,400 alumni; served 1,060,000 children; completed 16 million hours of service; partnered with more than 1050 corporations and 3,100 service organizations; and engaged more than 1,000,000 citizens in service† (Fast Company: City Year, 2012, par. 5). JUMPSTART focuses in early education programs that aim to engage â€Å"preschool children from low-income communities in an intensive early education program to improve their cognitive and emotional development, ensuring they enter kindergarten prepared to succeed at grade level† (Fast Company: Jumpstart, 2012, par. 2). Through evaluations that indicate that Jumpstart students have remarkably

Serial Killer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Serial Killer - Research Paper Example His brutality can be analyzed from the fact that he labeled the spraying of cyanide on to his prey as the best killing option that he liked. Richard Kuklinski was a criminal who did not feel guilty about his acts. His dark childhood laid an impact on his future killings (Holmes et al 2009; Martin 2006). Richard Kuklinski was born to Anna and Stanley Kuklinski. They belonged to a low income household. His father was an alcoholic and his mother was a Catholic and a strong follower of her religion. He received many beatings at the hands of his father and his mother. The cruelty with which his father used to beat the children can be analyzed from the fact that his beatings resulted in the death of one of Richard’s siblings. Thus, Richard was brought up in a very disturbed household. His childhood was not only darkened by the trauma that he had to suffer at his house, but Richard was also the victim of the bullies of his neighborhood (Shaw 2008). The instillation of violence in his character began at an early age. He used to make the cats of his neighborhood as the victim of his violence. He committed his first murder at the bare age of 14. He killed a boy named Johnny who was bullying him by using a cue stick as his weapon. His first killing raised his spirits and he continued this act of killing anyone who displeased him. He got married to a woman named Barbara at the age of 26 years. He then adapted the criminal path for his livelihood. He first sold pornographic material and later he became a hit man for the Gambino family. He fell in the hands of the police authorities in the year 1986 during a major crackdown operation (Holmes et al 2009; Martin 2006). The differential association theory of crime truly depicts the character of Richard Kuklinski. The differential association theory puts forward the fact that a person is directed towards committing of crime from what he learns and sees. This can be understood as Richard was instilled with

Literature review spontaneou pneumothorax Essay

Literature review spontaneou pneumothorax - Essay Example In order to attain this clinical ability, and add to knowledge and skills, this literature review focuses on addressing what is known about the condition, the signs and symptoms it presents, and the management of the chest drainage system which is the most common treatment for patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. Background and Definitions: Spontaneous pneumothorax is partial or complete lung collapse, either without any previous trauma, or with perceptible medical causes, and occurs as a result of the build-up of air in the pleural cavity. It is classified as primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP). PSP may be present in patients in the absence of any fundamental lung disease, typically affecting, for example, a young, healthy, tall thin man. Also, a history of smoking may be associated with an increased risk of PSP. More than one third of patients with PSP relapse within a few years. On the other hand, SSP is found in patients with the complications of underlying lung disorder, which include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or infectious lung disorders. The risk of recurrence in patients with SSP is higher than with PSP, due to underlying pulmonary disease (Baumann, 2006; Baumann and Noppen, 2004; Guo, Xie, Rodriguez and Ligh t, 2005; Sheah and Peh, 2003; Roman et al, 2003; Ryan, 2005; Wakai, 2006). Symptoms Identified and Recorded in the Literature: There are two main symptoms presented by spontaneous pneumothorax, namely chest pain and dyspnoea. Chest pain is the most common symptom with regard to PSP. In Seremetis' study, (cited in Roman, 2003), 90% of patients with PSP presented with chest pain, which was commonly described as sharp and limited to the region of the pneumothorax, increasing with deep inhalation. Other symptoms include dyspnoea, tachycardia, decreased or absent chest movement and breath sounds in the affected area. However, patients with SSP commonly present more severe dyspnoea, making it potentially fatal. In particular, hypoxemia and hypotension can be severe in COPD patients with SSP. Symptoms of SSP can be difficult to detect, due to underlying pulmonary disease (Baumann, 2006; Baumann and Noppen, 2004; Roman et al, 2003; Ryan, 2005). Treatment: The most widely used treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax is the chest drainage system, the management of which is the nurse's responsibility. Therefore, it is very important that nurses know the functions of the chest drainage system and nursing interventions for managing patients. (Allibone, 2003; Lehwaldt and Timmins, 2005; Thorn, 2006). Chest drainage removes abnormal accumulations of air or fluid in the pleural cavities, while preventing air or fluid returning. It is necessary to ensure that chest drainage bottles are placed below chest level. The system includes three basic components: suction control, water seal, and collection chambers (Allibone, 2003; Roman et al, 2003; Thorn, 2006). The suction control chamber is used to advance the drainage rate and lung re-expansion. The British Thoracic Society guidelines (Lehwaldt and Timmins, 2005), recommend low pressure suction, approximately -10 to -29 mmHg; however, there is no consensus on the amount of suction that s hould be applied.

Obamacare, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Essay

Obamacare, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - Essay Example One of the benefits accruing from the Act is with regards to the fact that it offers an extension of Medicaid’s eligibility in 26 states for up to 138% for the poverty level in the federal hence making it possible for most of Americans to have access to health care. Whether a citizen gets a health insurance coverage for themselves or whether it is done by their employees, the Act abolishes actions that leave citizens without insurance covers when they need them the most. No person gets left out based on their gender or even color. No canceling of policies Unlike before, an insurer cannot come forward and cancel a policy the moment one falls sick on claims that one had made a mistake when taking out the policy. The act of canceling is what is referred to a recession. If an applicant made an honest mistake while taking out the policy, their policy cannot, later on, be canceled on that very ground the instance they fall ill. Appeals When someone feels aggrieved by a decision that an insurance company has reached regarding their policy, they have a right to go ahead and apply for an appeal. The applicant makes the said appeal to a neutral or rather an independent reviewer who checks into their application and delivers a sound verdict in that regard. The response given by the independent reviewer is delivered within 72 hours when the medical condition is urgent in nature. No limited insurances Treatment for some illnesses can consume a lot of time and finances hence accumulating big medical bills.

Evolution of building materials Essay Example for Free

Evolution of building materials Essay In chapter 12 we explore the artistic development in Architecture. When conceptualizing a building architects incorporate three things: function, form, and structure. Function is how the building will be used, form is how the building looks, and structures is how the building remains standing. Architects need to design structures that hold up under any combination of three physical forces; compression, tension, and bending. To days architects have a plethora of materials at their isposal, they benefit from the evolution of materials and have the opportunity to use them how they wish, but it has not always been this way. Primitive buildings were built using dry masonry, which is a simple technique of stacking stones in a consistent pattern without using any mortar. Buildings such as the Great Pyramids of Egypt, and the Great Zimbabwe(190) in East Africa are perfect examples of this type of masonry. In both of these structures the stones are dressed meaning they are cut or shaped before use. Post and beam and arch structure systems were used predominately before the wentieth century, in places like Greece, Rome, and Egypt. The form on post-and- beam structures has to due with the materials used. Stone beams have to be shorter and thicker because stone is brittle and not flexible. Wood however is more flexible so they can be thiner and longer in turn they can be use to create a more open interior space. Arch structure uses stone in a semi-circle atop two columns or piers, bigger versions of columns, creating a Round Arch. There is a stone placed center that hold the arch together known as a keystone. When a round arc is extend in a epth dimension, the effect is known as a Barrel Vault. When two Barrel Vaults intersect the point of intersection creates a Groin Vault. These types of structures were used by early civilizations of western Asia and the Mediterranean area for underground drains and tombs. Romans were the first to use the technique aboveground and there were able to use it to build things like the Roman Coliseum and the Pont du Gard(192), the aqueduct, which was both a bridges for travel as well as a bridge for water. When an arch is rotated 180 degrees it forms a dome, that is sed in to create huge interior space. Gothic style architecture introduced a new type of arch, a pointed arch which allowed for wider bases and a more pointed arc, but is uses no keystone. The absence of the keystone creates a weak structure that could not hold up under the tension force. The create the flying buttress, which is a support placed at a 90 degree angle to the arch and holds the structure in place. The next major step in the evolution of Architecture was truss and balloon frame architecture. Trusses are triangular framework use to span air support, such as a russ of house roof, or one used as a side of a bridge. Balloon framing refers to the use the replacement of thick timbers with thin studs held together by only nails, at first though of as flimsy and weak, but is used today in housing development. The evolution ot metals in the architectural world nave been immense. T development of cast iron allowed for buildings to be put up very quickly, because it is stinger that wood or stone and can span greater distances, The Crystal Place was built in only six months and covered 19 acres of land, it was a marvel of the building world. Next Came Steel and reinforced concrete buildings. The strength of steel frames and the recent invention of the elevator allowed for the first conceptualized and built skyscrapers. This resulted in the International Style meaning the use of modern material like glass, steel, and concrete to create these types of structures. Domino Construction System, were six supports made of steel are placed in concrete slabs, alleviates the need for support walls, opening the door to building for rooms for how they need to be used, and the ability to make walls almost completely out of lass known as curtain walls. Carbon fiber is the latest material to surface, not yet used for building, it is extremely light, and very strong. Architects are now conceptualizing how they might be able to use this material in the future. Carbon fiber has the potential to revolutionize the building world. Many building now days are trying to reach a harmony with nature in both design and energy efficiency. Buildings like Guggenheim Museum Bilbao(200) are putting in to practice the ever changing face of nature in the design of the buildings. Green uildings are springing up everywhere either new construction or renovating existing buildings to make them energy efficient and revolutionary at the same time. They evolution of building materials and design allow for architects of today the opportunity to implement beauty in their designs. The ability to incorporate any material from stone steel and glass concrete and wood into a building has resulted in some of the worlds most beautiful and elegant structures dating back to completely stone building, to todays hi rise structures, architecture is a beautiful thing.

Cheap Alternative Polymeric Materials To Abs

Cheap Alternative Polymeric Materials To Abs In recent years, fused deposition modeling (FDM) has become a widely used technology in rapid prototyping process. Typically polymer materials used are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC). The polymer is fed into equipment as a 1.6mm diameter, which is heated and extruded onto a building platform. The ABS filament sold by the equipment suppliers is very expensive at aroundà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¡270 per kg [1]. Also, during the FDM process, some of this material is used as build supports and which is simply thrown away after being removed from the parts. This project aims to use alternative materials for the FDM process. 1.2 Previous Work of Project This project is followed by a summer 2009 project that Yifei Zhang did. In Zhangs project, one grade of virgin ABS has similar melt and flow properties to the benchmark material, but due to the limitations of laboratory equipment and project funds, Zhang cannot get the result. Zhang also try to use WEEE ABS as a potential source, but the degree of purity (98%) could not be accepted in FDM operation. In addition, a nylon strimmer line was found which had the suitable filament diameter, but it also failed because of the viscosity of the materials. 1.3 Objectives of Project After summarize the Zhangs experience, the target of project is to identify the cheap alternative polymeric materials to ABS. Before the project, a further polymer understanding of the melt and flow properties should be reviewed. Some problems Zhang met need to be solved to successfully produce the product. Some experiments, which Zhang did, need to be repeated to have a better understanding of this project. Some trial materials are aimed to produce the products, and then the properties of product are evaluated. 2. Literature Survey 2.1 Why use rapid prototyping methods? Rapid Prototyping (RP) is defined as the use of a computer aided design (CAD)-based automated additive manufacturing process to construct parts that are used directly as finished products or components[2]. Generally, it is a quick way to turn a virtual design to a real model. There are many purposes for a prototyping, for example, validate system specification or deliver early proof of concept or create a market demo [3]. The best reasons to rapid prototyping is to save time and save money. A complete product design cycle is very long, and there are a lot of trials and errors in the processing. The rapid prototyping processing can be used to modify the trial and debug the prototype in a short time. In addition, the resources can be saved by producing reduce scale model. 2.2 Rapid prototyping equipment With the development of modern science and technology, techniques of rapid prototyping technology increasingly diversified, such as stereo lithography (SL), laminated object manufacturing (LOM), selective laser sintering (SLS), selective laser melting (SLM), fused deposition modeling (FDM), ink jet printing (IJP), 3-D printing (3DP) [4]. There are three categories according to the raw material used in these processing. They are liquid-based system, powder-based system and solid-based system [2] [3]. FDM belongs to solid-based RP processes. The product made by FDM operation can be used as trial tests or for further studies, which reduces the risk of designing mistakes. 2.2.1 Stratasys FDM System Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), which invented by Stratasys Inc, is used in the project. Generally, FDM is a typical PR process, which contains a computer controlled, and micro-extrusion system. In the process, the polymer is fed into the equipment as a 1.6 diameter filament, which is heated and extruded through a die as a 0.5mm fluid filament. By lay down of the melt filament from nozzle, certain thickness of 2-D layers structure is formed, then by repeating the process for the second layer, repeat this process layer by layer, then a complex 3-D structure is formed. As can be seen in Fig 1, the processing route follows the design, forming and finishes these three steps. In the route of this manufacture, pre-process CAD file is designed by FDM Quickslice software and saved as STL format [6], and then during the manufacture part, the thermoplastic material is extruded and formed layer by layer on precise paths. Remove the support structures then the final product is completed. Extrusion process is a key step in the FDM manufacturing [Fig 2]. Generally speaking, the polymer filament is in solid state when feeding into the FDM machine. The filaments of molten thermoplastic are extruded from a heated nozzle. The process lays down both support material filament and build material filament for one layer at a time. The diameter of the filament is about 1.67mm, and the range of diameter of different tips is from 0.025mm to 0.4mm. Functional prototyping is used via an additive fabrication system. Manufacturing tools and End-Use parts also can be produced with FDM system. There are many advantages including streamlining the development process, reducing the cost and getting to the market faster [7]. The disadvantage is obvious, the price of cartridge is very expensive, and ABS build (including the breakaway materials) is  £275.00 per kg. So find the cheap alternative material is the target of the project. 2.2.2 Mesostructure of FDM ABS [8] There are two kinds of mesostructure during the FDM processing [Fig 3]. The aligned mesostructure is the standard model of the machine. Another skew mesotructure uses the alternating jogs of length 0.5(W+g) in the ProEngineer drawing [Fig 4]. A correction in the nozzle height setting, ÃŽÂ ´ z (see equation 1), using the z-direction shrinkage factor, is set in the QuickSlice program. The void density on the material plane i is defined as 🙠 see equation 2). The extent of circumferential fiber-to-fiber bonding is quantified using a cross-section average of the fiber-to-fiber interface bond length densities. For a single fiber, it is defined as: (see equation 3) According to Jose, James and John, the same filament materials (ABS P400) and the same serial FDM machine were used to test. So the data have the reference value. As can be seen in Fig 5, the lowest void density value is the skewed configuration structure. From the chart above (Fig 5 Fig 6 and Fig 7), Fiber gap (g) and flow rate are two key factors on mesostructure while temperatures (Te and TL) had very little influence. So for the best properties, minimum void and maximum bond length are needed. 2.3 Alternative material 2.3.1 Standard Material The current materials using for the FDM manufacturing process are supplied by Stratasys Inc, which could be ABS plastic, PC and wax [9]. The P400 ABS, whose main mechanical properties can be clearly know in Fig 8, bought from the machine vendor was used as benchmark this project, provided as white filament with a diameter of 1.67mm and a  ± 0.02 mm tolerance, measured by laboratorys calipers. 2.3.2 Recycled ABS Recycled ABS, I think, still is the most ideal choose in this project. The recycled WEEE industry is growing by more attention nowadays. Compared to virgin ABS, the price of WEEE ABS is rather cheap. Due to the problem of the degree of purity in former project, one solution of project is to investigate methods of filtering recycled ABS for FDM. During recent years, some researches about WEEE have been carried out [11] [12]. There are similar results on their reports. With the respect to the properties of virgin ABS, a decrease in mechanical properties (except the modulus of elasticity) was recorded for both PC/ABS and ABS/HIPS mixtures [11]. One approach to different characteristics of recycled polymer was reported by Liang [13]. The contaminants of these recycled polymers are showed in Fig 11. Previous degradation levels ABS and WEEE ABS FTIR spectra for WEEE ABS can be compared with virgin ABS to estimate differences. According to Balarts research, small degradation in ABS was evaluated in the FTIR spectra (Fig 12). The hydroxyl groups which absorb near 3250cm-1 shown, and the carbonyl groups, which absorb near 1750cm-1 missed in the spectra [11]. 2.3.4 Mixture of ABS/PC system According to Balart [11], Equivalent Box Model (EBM) was carried out to analysis the mechanical behavior of ABS/PC blends. EBM can obtain a range of tensile values of blends. Fig 13 shows different curves with the critical values and different A values which is an experimental parameter related to the various interaction forces along the interface. As Balart pointed, the optimum range between10wt% and 20wt% PC in mixture shows an industrial material with balanced properties [11]. One reason is that mechanical ductile properties do not decrease [11]. Furthermore, according to Arnold, the mechanical properties of recycled ABS, especially ductility, are significantly affected by gas evolution during the process of ABS from WEEE [14]. Tarantill and Mitsakaki have done some tests about the proprieties of ABS/PC blends. In this project, more can be dig deeper in ABS based on the Zhangs work. First, FTIR spectra can be used to compare the virgin ABS, after processing ABS and WEEE ABS. The relationship between WEEE ABS, after processing ABS and standard ABS should be clear in this project. Second, ABS/PC mixture is one way to investigate. In Balarts report, the optimum range is 10wt% to 20wt%; the mechanical properties of this range also have a good performance. Furthermore, to refine the WEEE ABS is also one way, but due to the current situation; it is hard to find a process to increase the purity of WEEE ABS (98%). Simply mix one equivalent part of purity ABS and one equivalent part of WEEE ABS may be possible. Higher purity of WEEE ABS may have better properties. 2.3.5 Alternative Nylon Source According to Zhangs research, Nylon could be an alternative material to replace the ABS P400. Compared to the ABS, Nylon have lower price. In the laboratory, nylon strimmer line has already been produced into filament with the same diameter as benchmark P400 ABS. It is easier to get the raw material. One key factor for this alternative material is melt temperature when nylon as a sample. The recommend FDM operation on standard P400 ABS was 100oC higher than the melting point. Among the nylon-6, nylon-12 and nylon-66, nylon-12, which could be a potential material, has the lowest melting point 179oC [15]. Compared to P400 benchmark, the melt mass flow rate can be a reasonable range from 7.0 to 20 [16]. During the Zhangs trial of nylon material, 300oC is the highest temperature limitation for liquefying the FDM machine, but nylon-6 need higher. So glue gun can be used for higher FDM operation temperature. The further properties of the Nylon product need to be evaluated in the experiment . 2.4 Measuring Instruments The target of the project is to find the alternative material to replace the ABS-P400, before that, the properties of ABS-P400 and after processing ABS should be investigated. By comparing the differences of these two materials, the possible of re-used after processing ABS is demonstrated. Moreover, the data of the standard material can be the reference of the alternative materials. The main equipments and tests may be used below. 2.4.1 Melt Flow Index (MFI) Viscous Flow According to Zhangs report, viscous flow of the material is the key to this project. Low viscosity simply means that the materials are able to flow easily [2]. Viscosity is lowered significantly by increasing temperature according to the equation 4: Where 0 is a constant, Q is the activation energy for flow, R is the universal gas constant and T is absolute temperature. In this project, MFI is used to measure the viscous flow. According to Zhang, the some MFI results were obtained. MFI Instrument The Melt Flow Index (MFI) is a way to measure the ease of flow of the melt of a thermoplastic polymer. In Farlexs free dictionary, it is defined as the weight of polymer in grams flowing in 10 minutes through a capillary of specific diameter and length by a pressure applied via prescribed alternative gravimetric weights for alternative prescribed temperatures[17]. One conclusion of Balart is that extrusion and injection moulding process are very important to ensure good mixing conditions and homogeneity. MFI measurements were used with an extrusion plastometer [11]. Flow rate, whose unit is g/10mins, reflects the melt polymers features. In this project, there are two criterions for different grades of ABS plastic. One is 2200C/10kg for injection moulding condition, which is a general standard of flow property. Another condition 2700C/2.16kg, which is a special condition for FDM condition (in Zhangs report), need to be evaluated. Because the working atmosphere of FDM is complicated, t he push force of extrusion cannot be constant due to the different speed of extrusion. To simulate the environment of FDM, the push force must be understood. The data of MFI will have the value of reference. In this project, the difference of MFI between virgin ABS and reused ABS will be evaluated. In theory, for the thermal plastic, repeated heating and cooling cycle does not change the size of the plastic molecular chains, so MFI should not be changed [18]. However, storage conditions of reused materials are usually poor, usually placed at random, the properties of material are mostly metamorphic. According to Zhangs report, sample drying should be mentioned due to the absorbent of polymer. This element will greatly affect the accuracy. The specimens including ABS and nylon were put into oven for 2hours at 900C for ABS (1200C for PC) [13] and keep dry condition to prevent further water absorbing. The other factor affecting precision is cleaning. Die diameter affect the speed of melt flow. It is easy to have the deposition in the inner wall. The test result reduces due to the increasing of resistance of melt flow. So the cleaning is very important element to the accurate. 2.4.2 Capillary Rheometry Equipment Capillary rheometer is another way to measure the viscosity of the materials. The polymer is put into a test tube with a known diameter, and there are several horizontal marks scribed on it. When put some pressure to the polymer, a vacuum is used to get the flow polymer, and the time required is measured for the melt from one mark to another. Elliott [19] explains this device also can test the density and surface tension. 2.4.3 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometers FTIR test designed in this project is to show the different molecules in the trial materials other than ABS P400. FTIR test is to evaluate what is the material composition of the FDM ABS and after FDM processing material, and to find out whether after FDM processing materials become degenerate. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) is based on the interferogram, which is the idea of the interference of radiation [20]. A single is produced by the change of path length between the two beams; the changeable of distance and frequency are convertible by the mathematical of Fourier-transformation [20]. The most common interferometer used is a Michelson interferometer. There are two perpendicularly mirrors which are bisected by a semi-reflecting film (Fig 2). The two beams defected from theses mirrors return to the beam splitter where they recombine and interfere. The moving mirror supplies an optical path difference, which controls the transmission and reflection. 2.4.4 Glue Gun According to Zhangs report, nylon strimmer line has been produced with the same diameter as benchmark P400 ABS. However, it was found that the strimmer line was unable to extrude from the FDM tip as need. When the temperature gets to 295 oC, which is the highest temperature limitation for liquefying the FDM machine, a small amount of material was extruded [21]. In this project, glue gun can be used to replace the tip to get higher temperature. The gun uses a heat element to continuous heat the plastic glue, the temperature of which can reach around 380 degrees [21]. 2.5 mechanical rest 2.5.1 Tensile Test The designing of tensile test aimed to evaluate the mechanical property among all alternative material. The specimen was studied by tensile test using a Lloyd LR50KPlus materials testing machine (Fareham, UK). For each selected building material, the testing samples were produced on three patterns of raster orientation, which built up in X, Y, and Z axis respectively. All tensile test samples were made with ISO 527-2-5A standard with a dumbbell shape. According to Zhangs report, benchmark P400 ABS sample was test, the result shows in Fig 10.

Country Comparison and Evaluation of Disability Policies

Country Comparison and Evaluation of Disability Policies Aging and Disability YUEKUN LIU 4.1 (1) International policies on disability from China and American, and comparison between these policies and the policies that operate in New Zealand. China and the United States of America are among the nations in the world that have established policies and laws governing the conduct of the people and that of the sitting governments about the treatments given to people with disability. China, by the year 2006, had up about 83 million men and women (approximately 6.3 percent of the Chinese population) being categorized as disabled persons (National Bureau of Statistics, 2007). Moreover, Americans have an increase in the number of people being afflicted with different kinds of disabilities. Coupled with fair and humane treatment through democratic ruling that has been persistent in the US, Americans have focused on ensuring the comfort of the US citizens , regardless of their physical and or mental orientations. The two nations have put forth various laws to govern the operations of the society. Firstly, the Chinese government through an act of parliament established by the China Disabled Persons’ Confederation (CDPF) in 1988. This is an independent unit in the region with the responsibility of looking into the welfare for the disabled persons in China. Having complete access to every corner of the nation with over 400,000 part time and 90, 000 full time workers by the year 2006, the confederation has been able to provide all the necessary support to the disabled persons in the nation. For this consideration, the confederation is mandated to carry out the following functions (Whakanui, 2000). The CDPF performs three functions: Represent interests of people with disabilities in China and help disabled people protect their legitimate rights; Provide comprehensive and effective services to disabled people; Commissioned by the Chinese government to supervise affairs relating to people with disabilities in China. In this regard, the CDPF is committed to promoting the humanitarianism, the human rights of people with disabilities, and the integration of people with disabilities in all aspects (Whakanui, 2000). Likewise to the Chinese steps in empowering people with disability in their societies, on the other hands, the United States has ratified the regulations and conventions protecting the rights of people with disability in different sections of the community. This has been done through the ADA (the American Disability Act) in1990 (Daly Burkhauser, 2005). The act aims at protecting people with disability against discrimination in their places of work as well as in the society. Despite that, the act gives these individuals the opportunity to explore employment in various organizations in this country as well as the right to secure employment opportunity in such organizations. In addition, the Chinese constitution has been amended to include the rights of individuals with various disabilities in various parts of the country. As in America and New Zealand, the Chinese constitution accords all persons with disability the right to attain rehabilitation support from specialists in various fields of expertise such mental therapists, etc. without any form of discrimination of the tasks. Other rights accorded to the people with disability, including the right to attain education at all levels and the right to be employed in the nation. They could be employed if they meet the required academic and ethical qualifications required by such organizations, rights on cultural lifestyles, welfare, access and legal liability. In regard to this, the three countries have ratified the International Labor Organization Convention No.159 in the constitution in order to help support the lives of those living with disability of various kinds(Autor Duggan, 2001). The law is advocating for the access to vocational training and employment to disabled people. Moreover, they have ratified the United Nations Convention on the rights of people with disability with the Chinese parliamentary ratifying the same in the year of 2008. This is aimed at enabling people with disability secure, retain and advance their careers in their suitable employments areas (Autor Duggan, 2001). New Zealand, through the ministry of disability issues, has made a plan to help disabled people access the rights and privileges accorded to those without the same traits alike. According to this, the ministry has put in place incorporative and collaborative objectives to aid for assisting these people by the complete database on the issues which is affecting the disabled persons at different levels. These policies focus on strengthening the rights of the disabled people about their education and employment opportunities in various organizations within the nation. In addition, the New Zealand government has advocated for empowerment the disabled people in the society by appointing them and or electing them to leadership positions in various organizations and government bodies. This is aimed at creating the relevant leadership priorities to the people and promoting their social affairs at all levels. However, the way these governments operate about handling disability issues is different. In America, the government has gone a bit further in designing an insurance policy for the disabled people. Moreover, the New Zealand government is the only government among the three nations where a special ministry is being recognized by the state for addressing issues on disability in the nation. Both China and America governments conduct this through the inaction of laws, conventions and regulations to help empower the disabled. Consequently, all the three nations have a common point for various factors regarding the care for the disabled people in the whole society. 4.1 (2) International policies on aging from China and American, and comparison between these policies and the policies that operate in New Zealand. The aged people are considered as the disabled in most societies around the world, including the three nationsUSA, China and New Zealand. These nations have established certain policies to help sustain people with aging lives at certain age who are unable to take care of themselves properly. The definition of the aged people around the world are various with different connotations in different societies. This definition of aging differs from one society to another. It is determined by the nations’ life expectation. In America, the definition of aging is considered as those individuals who are 65 year old and over (DeLeire, 2000). Aging is a significant for people in our lives because the elderly is the group of individuals who are weak and frail. The American constitution has made several provisions to provide adequate care assistances to the aged people in the US. For instance, the US government has planed and provided pension to the elderly in the whole nation. In addition, the aged people are often afflicted by diseases and poverty. Some Americans are even unable to sustain themselves within the society. The American government has drawn a plan to provide them with adequate financial supports for sustaining such individuals’ lives. The US government has helped them access free medical cares as well as social cares in all states. Compare this strategy to the Chinese government; the Chinese government has drawn a pension plan for the aged people living in urban areas as well as those in the rural areas. These people could receive monthly payments that might help them cater for most of their needs since most of them have not had any form of employment due to their senior ages. In New Zealand, the similar provisions have been drawn in the New Zealand through the ministry of senior persons. The ministry advocates for the protection of the rights of the aged population, including the right to be treated respectfully and honor, as well as continue learning and developing their skills and talents (Greg et al., 2010). Furthermore, since the government establish the strategies of increasing the income for the older people from social security funds, free Medicare provisions. Some extremely aged individuals are usually exempted from paying tax on certain commodities and services because these people rely only on their meager income sources. Consequently, there are some differences in policy administrations between these three nations with regards to the provision of care to the people with aging in the society. Firstly, while the New Zealand government has formed a complete system to oversee the provision of the adequate cares to the aged in the nation, the other two countries has not had such plans in their nations. Moreover, the exemption of taxes on certain commodities purchased by the aging generation is a reserve to America. The rest of the nations are lacking of this kind of provisions. Furthermore, the New Zealand government through the ministry of senior persons has come up with the regulations on the ways of conducting the operations of the care giving to the aged group of people. Community based groups have been formed at the lower levels. The groups are designed to help the aged at the basic levels. However, China and America are lack of that kind of groups. 4.2 (1) International service delivery policies on disability from China and American, and comparison between these policies and the policies that operate in New Zealand. The disable people in China, America and New Zealand are entitled to the provision of adequate services. The disabled persons are entitled to employment opportunities in organizations and companies around the three nations as long as they meet the academic and ethical qualifications required by the companies in which they are applying to work. Through the enactment of various policies and conventional Acts or an Act of parliament, the three nations have been able to provide adequate frameworks on service delivery models to the people with disability within the nations. In this situation, the government of New Zealand accords old person in the country the right to access disability services which are deemed responsive, flexible, accessible as well as culturally appropriate. These services must be focused on the inclusion and empowerment of the individuals with impairments and their families (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010). Additionally, the Chinese government has elaborated the needs to provide the disabled with adequate opportunities to the employment and training services. The services are called upon at any instance depending on the needs arising from the same. The services of the disabled are called upon at every instance including administrative positions, vocational arts and training (Ravallion Shaohua, 2004). The United States has embarked on expanding their business and industrial circles in order to create space for the disabled and impaired within the US. This is expected to create employment opportunities to a great deal of people including. The US government has encouraged the disabled people to continue applying and seeking jobs and services in the incorporations of the circle without feeling fear of exclusion or denial. Moreover, the similar policies have been enacted in the Chinese rapidly growing labor force and job market. However, well structured programs have been facilitated in New Zealand as opposed to the other two nations. The New Zealand government is acting on the basis of their internal fundamentals which are organized from within the nation. Therefore, various laws have been developed from within the country to reach the disabled at the grass root. China and the US, however, operate their disability laws in line with the provisions of the world health organizations or other humanitarian agencies in the world. In addition, the public forums and affairs is more elaborate in new Zealand as compared to the other two countries since the New Zealand government is directly involved in the management and protection of the affairs of the disabled. A research shows that there is a proper channel here through that the disabled people can complain to the central government for effective address (Wang, D Zhang, K, 2005). This is different from the cases in China and the US where the affairs of the disabled persons are tackled by the governments through the humanitarian agencies. 4.2 (2) International service delivery policies on aging from China and American, and comparison between these policies and the policies that operate in New Zealand. It is considered that wide knowledge and experiences on various affairs in aging are given for solving various factors affecting the community and or the nations within the three countries. For example, open consultation is one of the factors considered by the new Zealand constitution through the aged. It is required to engage in open consultative forums with the members of the society and various experts’ idea. This is considered as an important point in exploiting the huge amount of knowledge. Furthermore, there are various opportunities available for them in China, USA and New Zealand to serve in various areas. In America, the aging services are often called upon on various issues such as wars, peace talks and negotiations. This owes to their amount of knowledge and various aspects of the society as well as the developmental issues within the nation. The US policy frameworks require that the old and experienced military officials are be able to engage on various matters which are affecting the country with the aim of offering skilled knowledge to the young labor force (Daly Burkhauser, 2003). In addition, the same provisions have been done by the government of New Zealand. In China, the aging people are encouraged to take part in social matters as well as providing vocational training to the young members of the society through apprentice training. However, this is different from the other two countries. The American policies, similar to those in New Zealand, tend to focus much on the provision of skills and knowledge based on wars and other military actions. The Chinese policies concentrate much on the social sectors through the aged and retired members of the community. They are encouraged to offer apprentice services to the younger generations. Despite that, these groups of Chinese people are more of a social resource storage rather than technical advisers in New Zealand and America. 4.3 Outline accords with recommended texts. The Chinese constitution accords all persons with disability the right to attain rehabilitation support from specialists in various fields of expertise such mental therapists, etc. without any form of discrimination of the tasks. New Zealand, through the ministry of disability issues, has made a plan to help disabled people access the rights and privileges accorded to those without the same traits alike The government of New Zealand accords old person in the country the right to access disability services which are deemed responsive, flexible, accessible as well as culturally appropriate.

Roswell Conspiracy Essays -- History, Spaceship, Cover up

What really happened over the summer in 1947 in Roswell, New Mexico? People have debated this topic countless times. Despite all of the deviations of what happened, there is a general timeline. Sometime during the months of June and July 1947, an aircraft landed in Mac Brazel’s ranch; Brazel proceeded to tell Sheriff George Wilcox. He sent a member of the Roswell Army Air Field base to look at the wreckage on Brazel’s ranch. This person took some of the debris back to the base for further inspection. On July 8, 1947, the newspapers published stories about how someone found a flying saucer in New Mexico. However, the government told the newspapers to report that it was merely a weather balloon that had crashed. After that, everybody simply accepted the story and dropped the topic. Throughout that story, many pieces of evidence went untold to the media. There were numerous pictures that went unreleased. Many affidavits went unnoticed and nobody paid attention t o inconsistencies in the government’s justifications. Because of explicative photographs, several eyewitness accounts, and contradictory government explanations, there is extensive proof that the government concealed an alien landing in Roswell, New Mexico. There are many detailed, certified photos that disclose evidence that there was a spacecraft crash in Roswell in 1947. One vital photograph was of the Ramey memo. The Associated Press took this photograph on July 8, 1947, six days after the alleged sightings. Brigadier General Roger Ramey was looking over the apparent debris from the crash with Colonel Thomas Dubose. A slip of paper hung out of Ramey’s pocket in this photograph. Due to technological advancements, the paper is mostly legible. Computers ha... ...ary knew about the crash and that they were going to transport the wreckage to another military base. Many eyewitness accounts with similar details eliminate the possibility of merely a single person making up the entire event. The government’s contradictory reports demonstrate that their knowledge of the incident is dynamic and dependent on how they want the people to react. This matter is important because it raises the possibility that if the government is hiding information from the public about a spacecraft accident, there may be other incidents where the government is concealing the truth from the public. Despite the government’s best attempts to cover up the Roswell incident, eyewitness accounts from the common person validate the idea that an unidentified flying object crashed in Roswell, New Mexico and eternally changed the lives of several people. Roswell Conspiracy Essays -- History, Spaceship, Cover up What really happened over the summer in 1947 in Roswell, New Mexico? People have debated this topic countless times. Despite all of the deviations of what happened, there is a general timeline. Sometime during the months of June and July 1947, an aircraft landed in Mac Brazel’s ranch; Brazel proceeded to tell Sheriff George Wilcox. He sent a member of the Roswell Army Air Field base to look at the wreckage on Brazel’s ranch. This person took some of the debris back to the base for further inspection. On July 8, 1947, the newspapers published stories about how someone found a flying saucer in New Mexico. However, the government told the newspapers to report that it was merely a weather balloon that had crashed. After that, everybody simply accepted the story and dropped the topic. Throughout that story, many pieces of evidence went untold to the media. There were numerous pictures that went unreleased. Many affidavits went unnoticed and nobody paid attention t o inconsistencies in the government’s justifications. Because of explicative photographs, several eyewitness accounts, and contradictory government explanations, there is extensive proof that the government concealed an alien landing in Roswell, New Mexico. There are many detailed, certified photos that disclose evidence that there was a spacecraft crash in Roswell in 1947. One vital photograph was of the Ramey memo. The Associated Press took this photograph on July 8, 1947, six days after the alleged sightings. Brigadier General Roger Ramey was looking over the apparent debris from the crash with Colonel Thomas Dubose. A slip of paper hung out of Ramey’s pocket in this photograph. Due to technological advancements, the paper is mostly legible. Computers ha... ...ary knew about the crash and that they were going to transport the wreckage to another military base. Many eyewitness accounts with similar details eliminate the possibility of merely a single person making up the entire event. The government’s contradictory reports demonstrate that their knowledge of the incident is dynamic and dependent on how they want the people to react. This matter is important because it raises the possibility that if the government is hiding information from the public about a spacecraft accident, there may be other incidents where the government is concealing the truth from the public. Despite the government’s best attempts to cover up the Roswell incident, eyewitness accounts from the common person validate the idea that an unidentified flying object crashed in Roswell, New Mexico and eternally changed the lives of several people.

Active Euthanasia is Murder Essay -- Euthanasia, Argumentative Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Euthanasia is not about the right to die. It's about the right to kill."-International Anti-Euthanasia Task Force  Ã‚  Ã‚   It seems impossible for me to claim I am anti-euthanasia or pro-euthanasia because there are two ways of participating in the process...active or passive.   After researching the topic, I have concluded that I cannot support active euthanasia because it seems to follow the same principle as homicide...one person killing another. I do not believe it is anyone's right to decide when, or how, a person's life should end. On the other hand, I cannot say I am totally against suicide or passive euthanasia. Although I do not condone suicide, I respect a person's right to decide between his personal life and death.   As far as passive euthanasia is concerned, I view it as part of suicide and think it is a concept that has been around for years but has gone unrecognized until recently.   Therefore, if I were to make a declaration of my view of euthan asia, it would simply be, "I am against active euthanasia...I am for passive euthanasia."    To understand why I feel such opposition on one topic, one must understand the proper definitions of "active" and "passive" euthanasia.   According to the International Anti-Euthanasia Task Force, assisted suicide, or passive euthanasia, involves "a non-suicidal person knowingly and intentionally providing the means or acts in some way to help a suicidal person kill himself or herself." On the other hand, active euthanasia occurs when "one person does something that directly kills another." To give an example, Dr. Kevorkian has conducted passive euthanasia on patients by supplying his patients with the means (lethal injections) to end their lives.   But, in 1999, Dr. Kevorkian pa... ... 13 December 2000.   http://www.death-dying.com/survey.html "The Rule of Double Effect." U.S. House Judiciary Committee.   24 June 1999.   5 December 2000.   http://www.house.gov/judiciary/hunt0624.htm   Rumbelow, Helen.   "Final agonies of the 'easy' death."   The Times.  Ã‚   Times Newspaper Limited.   24 February 2000.   29 August 2000.   http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/2000/02/24/timnwsnws01040.html Sobsey, Dick. "A Background Paper Prepared for the Premier's Council on The Status of Persons with Disabilities." 5 December 2000.   http://www.thalimide.ca/gwolbring/eau_def.html   "When Death is Sought." Task Force of Life and the Law.   5 December 2000.   http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/consumer/patient/preface.htm    Teachers Comments: The effort merits and A. Please see my notes in the essay concerning your   format citation problems.   

Essay example --

"The Old Man and The Sea" is an unbelievable story of a man with struggles within nature. The simplicity of the story’s structure engages readers of all ages. How the main character overcomes his struggles and tribulation is wild, inspiring, and humanistic. The tale can easily be taken into every aspect in life situations. It is truly a classic with an unforgettable plot that leaves the reader wanting more. The fiction novel, "The Old Man and the Sea" became one of the most enduring works of Ernest Hemingway. The novel was written in 1952 and published by Simon & Schuster Inc. Hemingway, is known for writing main characters of courage and conviction. Therefore, creating roles that draw a reader in. The main character is an old Cuban fisherman, named Santiago. â€Å"Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.† Santiago has had bad luck in catching anything in the last few months. One day Santiago sets out into the Gulf Stream, when he hooks a giant marlin. â€Å"Fish, I love you and respect you very much; but I will ki...

Why Are Teenagers Stressed?

Why Are Teenagers Stressed? BY Testators Can you trust everything you see or hear now-a-days? The media Is full of constant propaganda, propaganda which brainwashes the minds of young people. Children as young as 3 are already worrying about their appearances, as seen on the television shows such as ‘Toddlers and Tiaras. ‘ I believe the media has a much stronger impact on teenagers than any other age group. Everywhere you go, there will always be that â€Å"look,† that celebrities have and that every young person aspires to look like.Teenage girls will go to all extents in order to achieve the media's perception of a beautiful woman, when in fact few teenagers know that what they are seeing In magazines and on billboards are not In fact real humans, but they are what society has created. When parents think their children are safe at home, they are wrong. Young people's minds are being filled with poison which is also known as the perfect image.Shows such as ‘ Keeping up with the Sardinian,' Toddlers and Tiaras,' ‘America's next top model,' ‘Jersey Shore,' and '16 and Pregnant,' are giving teenagers the wrong idea that you must be ‘slim, fake, very award, and covered In make-up' to be considered anything near beautiful. Shows such as these are giving the Impression that you must be a specific way to be successful and/or notorious. This already creates large numbers of very unconcealed women, as they feel they are not ‘beautiful, ‘because they are not covered in make-up.These types of situations create stress for teenagers as they feel they must look a certain way to be deemed beautiful. When asked, 87% of British teenagers claimed to be unhappy with their physiques and 64% of those under 13 had already turned to tenting In order to lose weight as stated by In the Dally Mall Newspaper article. Many teenagers are pressured by their families Into doing well in their GASES_ This makes them feel like they must do well in order to keep their families happy. I can speak from personal experiences when I say that I felt even more pressured because I knew that my family were expecting good grades from me.This creates a large amount of stress for teenagers as they feel they must do well in order to make their families proud and In order to go to university to get a good job. It is said by the majority of the elder generation that going to university means that you will have a better future as you will get a good Job, which entails a larger salary as opposed to someone who did not attend university. This is not necessarily true as people who do not attend university can still manage to get a well-paid Job. Also, family members may expect their child to do a specific profession which the child themselves does not want to do.This means that the teenager Is pushed into schools which allow the best support in he subjects which will open pathways to these careers. This can also create higher levels as s tress as teenagers are being forced Into doing a subject they do not wish to do, which makes it more challenging to succeed, thus creating more stress. The teenagers which come from working class families, unfortunately, have it a lot harder than those that come from middle class or upper class families. A working class teenager may be pressured by their families to get a job as soon as possible in order to help out their living situation.This can create stress because distributing enough mime for school and work can not only be exasperating but It can also be difficult. At the case for those which come from working class families. Not only can teenagers be stressed from working, they can also be stressed as they are being put into a situation where money is a problem and they are constantly living under the threat that certain necessities may be cut off due to an outstanding bill payment or something as extreme as being kicked out the house. Society has a large impact on the amount of stress that a teenager has.By society I mean all things surrounding hem, media (as I previously discussed), friends, and the general public. Whether you want to admit it or not, everywhere you go, everything you do, you are always being judged, by everyone. Many people are aware of this whilst others aren't. The fact that we live in a country where everyone is Judged by the color of their skin, the way they present themselves and by their appearances makes it a more difficult place to fully be accepted. This applies stress to young people as they feel they need to be accepted in society by becoming something that they are now.The factor which disheartens me the most is that in society you are expected to be a specific way In order to be accepted and if you are anything other than ‘perfect,' you are looked upon as ‘morally wrong. ‘ Which leads me onto my next point, the general public (specifically the older generation) has generalized teenagers as being anti-so cial and rude when in fact only a minority of teens are actually this. By generalizing an age group based upon a few individuals can make it more challenging for the younger generation to speak their mind and have their voices heard.This also creates stress by making teenagers feel as if they are not important because of what they are depicted as. To sum up, teenagers have many reasons to feel like they have a build-up of stress, but I believe the two main factors are family and education as most of teenagers spend the majority of their time either in school and/or in the presence of their families. This means that they are constantly being told what to do, what to achieve and what is expected of them. Which makes life as a teen more difficult than it needs to be.

Drugs in Lebanon

Facts and Official Action Cannabis has been liberal in the Beak valley incessantly since the Roman Empire, despite the laws prohibiting it. A long-running posting by the government originally the gracious War was to burn the fields onward the yearly harvest. The war stopped that legal action and the country became one of the most bounteous in the world in the take & export of illicit medicates, reaching its blossom in the late sasss at atomic number 19 tons of cannabis resin and 3 to 5 tons of heroin, which had only been introduced a few years earlier.In the early says, later on the war ended, the eradication began again, but with the absence of alternative income sources and the promise of transnational fear that n ever materialized, this action plunged the local macrocosm in dire poverty, so frequently so that they have nonhing to a greater extent(prenominal) to lose and so they replant their crops either year. The culture and production had been In shut up d ecline, and by 2002, most of It was Limited to the radical north of the valley. scarcely due to the acclivity political unrest since 2005, it has importantly increase again.With the close watch of the land and ocean b tacks for the traffic of arms, whisking of drugs out of the country has perish harder, thereby forcing the growers to broaden local markets, increase the local consumption, which has now have a expert epidemic amongst the Lebanese youth. In 1998, Lebanon passed Law 673, which stated that drug colony was not a crime in itself. plainly there was no significant implementation of the policy, and the Government continued pass only two choices prison or abstinence.With most of the dealers being politically protected, and thusly unreachable. Punishment came hard on users. They were caught, trialed, and held in conventional prisons for varying periods. However, recently, the Minister of knowledgeable Affairs and the Minister of State for administrative Reform s tated clearly that dependency should be placed midway surrounded by crime and Illness, and that the crank should be enured sooner of imprisoned with criminals, murderers, & traffickers which volition be nothing but an additional shit for drug use.They be starting to put forward cooperation betwixt Government and Nos where the addicts is caught and sent to rehab for right-hand(a) treatment. Many dealers were and continue to be seized, as fortunately, action now concent points on the determine of the problem rather than the consequence. However, the Government nonoperational has a long way to go, as no official studies have paradise conducted on menders, prattles, Ana correct governmental reenrolled processes, and no rehabilitation centers atomic number 18 government-based.Numbers and Non- Governmental Organizations at that place ar currently 7 on tap(predicate) rehabilitation centers in Lebanon, all Nos, tenderise sentiency, prevention, non-residential programs to short or long residential programs. Their success rates are to a greater extent or little high, depending on the programs they offer and their social reintegration processes. The centers are Mum el Nor, Skunk, jejuneness Anti Drogue DAD), Jejuneness Centre la Drogue COD), Bonjour du Ceil, fret De la Lumpier, and Horizons.To report accurate number would be impossible, as no serious official study of the matter has ever been conducted. Some incomprehension studies conducted by unofficial bodies, to wit rehabilitation enters, and primarily in the section of Beirut alone show the pursual statistics There are 10,000 to 15,000 estimated drug addicts in Lebanon, of which 2000 are female. This number could rise significantly if studies on opposite regions are conducted. 24% of prison inmates are drug users. round 700 addicts receive treatment per year.A soaring 49% of all addicts fall in Beirut, with the an other(a)(prenominal) 51% divided amongst 6 other regions. Drug- cogita te deaths are very underreported, and that for several reasons, mainly pertaining to the taboo nature of the issue, where families prefer to suppress he reason of death, when disclosing it might aid other users. Average age for number one time use has dropped dramatically from 28 years in 1996 to 17 in 2000, to 15 in 2009, with 60% between 14 and 19, to 22% between 20 and 24, to 9% between 25 and 29, to depleted-down portions after that.As for educational level, the highest rate locomote within deal who have reached complementary school with 31%, but this does not indicate that education prevents addiction, as commence levels like primary school and analphabetism together represent only 18% whereas higher levels like some or full university education represents 27%. Socio-economical lieu drawms to be more defining, as mean(a) class contains 57% of addicts, versus 38% for inbred depression class, and only 6% for high class. But it is in any case important to circular t hat the classes themselves are not equally divided.What is most fire is that 80% of all addicts are single, divorced, or separated, with only 20% married, which clearly states that mass with less responsibility and sense of utilization tend to fall deeper into that abyss. As for drug- related disorders, 43% of addicts show psychopathology diseases, whether before he addiction and leading to it, or after it, as effects of it, 25% have other chronic diseases, 20% Cardiovascular, 17% Hepatitis C, 7% Pulmonary, 2% allergies, 2% Diabetes, and 0. 5% AIDS. Needle sharing is not uncommon, and if it happens with AIDS or HIVE patients, these diseases get out soon become an epidemic in Lebanon.Cannabis has the highest abuse rate at 66% but is considered a soft drug, less harmful than Heroin, which has a high rate of 65%, versus Cocaine 56%, alcoholic drink 47%, Ecstasy 20%, Amphetamines 13%, LSI 8%, and inhalants 2%. It is clear that poly aggregate use is very common. Cocaine and LSI ar e rising fast. It is very important to note that all the above numbers represents addicts, not occasional users. It is not uncommon to see people at parties having smoked cannabis, snorted cocaine, or popped ecstasy. So what makes an addict? Addiction is a disease, but it in not contagious.In order to develop, it ask the right accommodation AT assistance, soulality, Ana solo-cultural Doctors. I en assistance needs to have addictive properties and has to meet the specialized needs of the user. For example, Cocaine will sate a soulfulness with underlying moo self-esteem, while Heroin would be the drug of choice for an overly sensitive person. The person needs to have genetic predispositions, mental fragility, problematic relationships, and some sort of feeble social skills, and of course certain expectations of what the drug would do for them.An antisocial or fast-growing(a) personality or morbid traits would also be determining factors. The socio-cultural factors should refle ct some chaos and uncertainty, like a hugger-mugger home or ineffective parenting, low communication, war, unemployment, or poverty in a consumer society, failures, loss of set, and the availability of the drug, affiliations with drug abusing peers, or peer pressure. Put together, these three factors are a fertile ground where addiction will grow and thrive until the person realizes that instead of solving his problems, it is making things overmuch worse.What starts as an attempt to self-medicate ultimately backfires. Instead of treating the problem, drugs apparently mask the symptoms. The problem is still there, but now, there are more issues at hand. Relationships are worse, poverty is accentuated, work is hindered, and added to all the previous drawbacks is he acquired dependency to a substance that is potentially fatal. By then, it is too late, but only to an extent. An addict typically tends to be in self-control as a strong justification mechanism for the substance that has now become his aliveness.It matters more than anything else, more than friends, than family, than cutd ones, than life itself. More than him. He has forgotten how to locomote without it, and even if he does realize that he is not really functioning, and that he is in a fast cycle of self- destruction, he cannot do much about it on his own. The drugs have modify his rain, literally altered the way it prospects and functions. Overcoming the addiction is not simply a matter of willpower. It is a disease and should be treated by professionals. In Utopia For a society to be plain of drug addiction, the grounds have to be make infertile.Of course, the substance has to be made unavailable, the dealers caught and penalise, the laws applied, the pharmacists infused with conscience, or at least punished so hard that they fear doing wrong. But even if the substance were hard to control, the other factors could be dealt with. The government would concentrate on the people it as elec ted to parcel out in the scratch line place. It would strive to offer up political and economic stability, health care, transmission line opportunities, and a secure future, giving the people a sense of pride, values, patriotism, and the feeling of belonging.If it werent spotless in the first place, and suddenly acquires a conscience, it could contain addicts and treat them by chess opening rehabilitation centers or helping alive ones grow, setting solid reintegration processes, and providing free mental support and treatment to both addicts and their families (and other citizens). After all, it did argyle have a hand in their misfortunes in the first place. Finally, parents would know better than to become parents if they are unstable. They would treat their own issues before having children and transition on to them the troubles acquired from their own parents and past experiences.They would attempt treatment to rid themselves of the frustration, the intolerance, and the shattered values caused by years of strife and instability. They would run across the importance of a stable none, pleasant support, detective responsibility, g values, Ana realistic expectations. Sadly, Lebanon is no Utopia. The Government continues to arrogantly refuse to dupe its role as rightful consideration and protector, and parents continue to ignore their responsibility of providing love before money, and security before comfort.So it waterfall on our shoulders, yours and mine, to act with continuous awareness and assume the responsibility of grace. A nestled look Most common international narcotics can be found in Lebanon. Taking a closer look at their nature and their effects will help a better rationality of why they are used. A drug, or psychoactive substance is any natural or synthetic chemical that has he ability to affect thinking, feeling, senses, and/or behavior, by acting in the brain on mechanisms that normally exist to regulate the functions of mood, thou ghts, and motivations.