If Wishes Were Horses Essay

The first recognisable ancestor of the rhyme was recorded in William Camden’s (1551–1623) Remaines of a Greater Worke, Concerning Britaine, printed in 1605, which contained the lines: â€Å"If wishes were thrushes beggers would eat birds†. [2] The reference to horses was first in James Carmichael[disambiguation needed]’s Proverbs in Scots printed in 1628, which included the lines: â€Å"And if wishes were horses, pure [poor] men wald ride†. 2] The first mention of beggars is in John Ray’s Collection of English Proverbs in 1670, in the form â€Å"If wishes would bide, beggers would ride†. [2] The first versions with close to the modern wording was in James Kelly’s Scottish Proverbs, Collected and Arranged in 1721, with the wording â€Å"If wishes were horses, beggars would ride†. [2] The modern rhyme above was probably the combination of two of many versions and was collected by James Orchard Halliwell in the 1840s. 1] The last line was sometimes used to stop children from questioning and get to work: â€Å"If if’s and and’s were pots and pans, there’d surely be dishes to do. † In popular culture[edit] The phrase is misquoted in the 2002 television series Firefly in the series finale episode â€Å"Objects in Space† in which Adam Baldwin’s character Jayne Cobb gets upset and says â€Å"Yeah and if wishes were horses, we’d all be eating steak. Star Trek Deep Space Nine Season 1, Episode 16 was called, If Wishes Were Horses. In the episode entitled Things Fall Apart Season Six, Episode 21 of the television series The West Wing, Josh Lyman makes a reference to the poem while in conversation with a female campaign staffer who tells him that if media circumstances were different, their candidate, Matthew Santos, would have already locked up the Democratic party’s nomination for president. Josh responds by saying, â€Å"If wishes†¦ orses†¦ etc. â€Å" She erroneously attributes the quote to Bob Dylan by asking Josh â€Å"What is that from some Dylan song? Guys your age have this thing about Dylan. â€Å"[3] In September 2010, Alexandrea Mellen famously quipped, â€Å"If wishes were horses, then the horse market would collapse†. The phrase is used by the character Spike in the television series Angel. In addition, in the series finale, when another character wishes â€Å"to do more violence†, Spike replies that â€Å"wishes are horses today†.

Langston Hughes Essay

Langston Hughes is considered to be one of the most influential writer and poets of his time. His works and masterpieces greatly contributed to the advancement of the Black literature. His journey from a small-time boy into a knowledgeable man is very inspiring. He wrote poems and stories that apparently depict the culture and status of his race. Langston Hughes is a native of Missouri and had a humble beginning. From the start, his writing skills were already very visible but his father wanted him to become an engineer. He soon dropped out and decided to continue his love affair with poetry. Instead, his travels abroad served a great deal of inspiration for his work. When he came back, he moved to New York and became one of the movers in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920’s. His travels opened his eyes for different culture in the world and at the same time, encompassing his roots. Harlem made a very deep impact on his writing style. Most of his poems are inspired by the blues and jazz era in Harlem that is why many of which is written in rhythmical language and is almost set into music. Furthermore, he also wrote plays and dramas that were staged in New York. His plays touched some taboo topics. But then again, he also founded the first ever Black theater groups in New York. Aside from being a playwright, he was also a contributor for Baltimore Afro-American. In 1929, he received his bachelor’s degree and continued to be a great writer and poet all throughout his generation (â€Å"Langston Hughes (1902-1967)†). Hughes is very influential not just in the African-American literature realm but also to the whole world. During the Harlem Renaissance, he was considered as one of its leading voices. Most of his works revolve around the great deal of discrimination and oppression that many African-American endured during the 1920’s. His poems and short stories mostly reflect the actual state of the society in their time. Through his poems, he was able to express his zealous viewpoints and sociopolitical protests. Most of the characters in his stories are based from a real person that he met while passing time in the many bars in Harlem. Through these characters, he was able to portray people who experiences racism and sexual conflicts. His environment was also a very gigantic influence on his stories, novels and poems. In his stories and essays, one will notice that he tell stories of violence in the south, the street life in Harlem, poverty, injustice, hopelessness and famine. Because of his poems, many politicians regarded him as a Communist but in 1953, he attested to the Senate that he was and never is a Communist. But, as the conscientious artist that he is, he kept his ordinary position and worked very hard to chronicle the experiences of an American black which normally is contrasting the splendor of the soul with the repressive conditions(â€Å"Langston Hughes (1902-1967)†). Hughes was not contented with just being regarded as a good writer. Besides that, what he really wanted was to capture the spirit of the ordinary man. With so much love and regard for his fellowmen and their culture, his specialty revolved around the daily way of life and situations of African Americans. All throughout his life, he exhausted every imaginable form of media just to convey his observations and interpretations into a fine piece of literature. In his lifetime, Langston Hughes was able to achieve no other Black literary figure of his time was able to do. He not only wrote stories and poems but for every literary piece that he finishes, it embodies the dreams, bliss, laughter, rage, sadness and pride that any human feels (Sylvester). One of his earliest essays was entitled â€Å"The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain†. In this essay, he tells about Black artists and poets â€Å"who would surrender racial pride in the name of a false integration. †(Jackson) He reiterated that Black poets and writers preferred to be called poets rather than putting a color adjective before the word. For almost forty years, Langston Hughes became a very prolific writer with over a hundred essays, poems, plays and books under his belt. Even after his last days, Hughes did not give up writing. Instead, he became a professor and lecturer. When he died of cancer in 1967, many people mourned. Even after his death, countless praises were bestowed upon his works and until now, it is considered to be one of the greatest forms of African-American literature in history. Even in another lifetime, Langston Hughes’ life and works is worth looking back. His life inspired countless people to fight for their rights and assert their places in the society. His essays, poems and stories became a medium in which many African-American were able to relate to because they were actually the subject. They saw themselves sin the characters that Hughes created. But more important than the technical contributions that he gave, he is praise-worthy for his courage to step up against the oppressor of their times. His works, particularly his poems depicts the struggles and emotions of the ordinary African-American in1920’s. Furthermore, he is instrumental in the Harlem Renaissance in New York. He became one of the leading purveyors of Harlem art in New York. And through the different forms of media, he was able to convey the message of his fellow African-Americans to the world. Because of his poems, the world became aware of the resistance of the Blacks in America. Additionally, his poems are very straight to the point and simple; but no matter how simple his poems may seem, it does not fall short on its messages. Truly, Langston Hughes deserves to be a part of the African-American culture not just in New York but all over the world not only for his great literary contributions but also as one of the voices in uplifting the image of African-Americans to the world. Reference http://www.redhotjazz.com/hughes.html

Adidas is one of the famous company in sporting items industry Essay Example for Free (#2)

Adidas is one of the famous company in sporting items industry Essay Program (51) , Adidas (19) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? Adidas manager is requiring me to create and design a training program which will improve and develop their graduate employee existing skills. This report is going to target to non-graduate or college student and giving them chances to join this training program. This program is going to help trainee do their function in sporting industry Adidas Aim They are trying to build the relationship with their employee via passion, diversity. Adidas may find an excellent balance between life and work of the employee and more than that they provide an essential need for their employee such as food, drink, work benefit to encourage them which will increase business productivity Adidas Human Resource Strategy Adidas is one of the famous company in sporting items industry. At the moment Adidas are doing staff recruitment for their store which across all over the world and especially in the UK. In a past few year Adidas Human Resources Department decided to do Functional Training Program (FTP) in short- period time which giving opportunity for graduate student to get foundation and great educational qualification before for they start to become a functional professional career inside Adidas group also co-operate with internship and apprenticeships for non-graduate and student who want to work for Adidas company straight after school. We have developed on National Vocational Qualification that will contribute to the business and individual need. According to Olin and Tucker (1997) state that â€Å"National Vocational Qualification government and organisation figure out NVQ training program will develop specific profile of ability and basic knowledge of employee at any level which associated vocational area† NVQ training program focus on particular business industry or sector, it will help Adidas group to find the right employee for specific role in the sporting industry Demonstrate NVQ contribution to Adidas NVQ will also comfort organization or company decrease company cost, increase the competiveness and company productivity. Adidas group found putting resourcing in staff will change in work environment spirit and staff inspiration, much easier to recruitment staff and enhance communication in workplace. It will also make Adidas group look more professional and stand out compare to another business. In another way, NVQ are enabled to help Adidas proof to the world that business hired staff or employee has reach minimum standard quality. NVQ to individual needs NVQ programme provides the portfolio for learner or employee which help learner or employee able to learn-practical or work- the related task which helps them to develop their skills and knowledge to do a job more effectively. National Vocational training program intended to develop employee existing skills and that will improve business performance, NVQ is going to evaluate the staff able to carry out their job as indicated a set of rule in an organization, which rely on work performance. Adidas can adapt NVQ training program to improve their standard via examination. Main body NVQ training program overall design 164465275336000It has a variety of ways to get NVQ: succeeding a normal training program, blend of casual and informal or starting to have a learning approaches or just based on the past capability. NVQ framework are design to testing learner capacities in the working environment. To achieve a NVQs qualification the employee or learner have to demonstrate that there can do certain task which related to the roles or area that they apply to the company or business. NVQs training program are going to do the evaluation in a blend of courses by portfolios are going to confirm and proof that what you have done in training program and perception, an assessor will check and may give reference to the company that you can do the task that related to the business. Following by Malcom (1996) â€Å"NVQs framework system made as capability are created, course are movement and exchange are distinguished. Framework task is to provide a reasonable sorting for NVQs and facilities delivery and progres sion both external and internal of competence† NVQ are design for adult and young people who want to improve their skills to increase their work performance which will lead to build up business productivity. NVQ are set level for the learner from level 1 to level 5, in lowest level are going to aim at company operation and highest level for manager position. NVQ are suitable for people are working are in college and having a part- time job are at school are fulfilled apprenticeship NVQs training program delivery strategy Focus on employee and trainee ought to acclimate themselves with structure, substance and evaluation requirement of certificate previously planning a training program course NVQs training program is delivery to any trainee or learner in many ways which Meets the learner and trainee need and capabilities Pleased acquired qualification NVQs is going to provide to learner and trainee the other skills that not a part of the qualification but will help them improve the existing skills Literacy / language / numeracy Critical thinking and personal learning Individual and social advancement Employability Where pertinent, this could include empowering the possibility to get to applicable capabilities covering these abilities. 1651004191000 With these detail in overall design and delivery training of NVQs. This program will bring benefit to the Adidas group. This will include manage time to teaching so not spend much time or little time on teaching. If too much teaching due to costly and the material which delivery to training or learner can be confusing. Spend little time on training will not improve and maximise trainee skills. More over this training program is classify trainee or student what their aim in training and link back to business role they apply for. In addition, NVQs training program is measuring the employee and trainee by knowledge, attitude and skills. It’s going to be connect between organisation and employee. Moreover, Jim and Roger (2009) suggested that â€Å"Training program is providing individual chance to perform their task more effectively and it will help an organisation get the current target† Finally, NVQs training program may bring benefit to learner and Adidas group by motiva ting, group or personal to inspect current implementations and working environment. NVQs material and exercise support NVQs objective NVQs are cooperate with many practical organisations to become a leader in development skills. They are doing services to training suppliers, employers and learner over an assortment of sector to satisfy the need in workplaces. NVQs certificate or capabilities are estimated by employers all over the world, helping people to build up their talented and capacities for profession career. NVQ Training plan The NVQs is aiming to the employee of Adidas who contributes to the work performed. As, Mayo (2000) â€Å"training plan may have added by Human Resource Department purpose, weigh into the advantages of an individual group in particular organization†. It is including Personal skills: Knowledge/ skill/experience, ability to do the task and what employee will convey to the work from the other part of their social life Personal motivation: desire, goal, work inspiration. Workplace environment: The background of the business, personal respect, free to renovate. Teamwork efficiency: having a same objective and values, helpfulness, communal respect Essential material need in NVQs Assessment and homework to consider becoming the important material in NVQs. It gives speedy and basic methods for checking employee has the right stuff and abilities to work in an exchange. The specialist gets his or her NVQ Level 2 or 3 by a mix of evaluation and works environment preparing, during which time they give confirm they meet the NVQs requirement. Other material, may aid to the learner or trainee to achieve NVQs qualification such as the computer, pen, folder, tablet, video or textbook Example practical organization NVQs is co-operated with City NVQs Logistic Delivery Adidas is one of the famous company in sporting items industry. (2018, Apr 24).

Threat Assessment & Physical Security Case Study

Threat Assessment & Physical Security - Case Study Example Coordinate with the nurse/s and be on the same page with him or her as to what conditions would be beneficial or harmful for the overall well-being of the principal.   Be aware of certain types of foods, medication, and environmental factors that may bring about allergies or adverse reactions and be sure to steer clear of such items.  Ã‚   With his medical condition and the impending court hearing, the principal is under tremendous stress, as it is. It is important to consider these factors in looking out for the principal. Carelessness in planning and giving out unnecessary information may just cause the principal undue stress that would aggravate the already delicate situation. Always keep in mind that there are certain things without the knowledge of which the principal is better off.In addition, as head of security, always be on hand to ensure the safety of the principal.   (The Steele Foundation & Subsidiaries)Coordination with principal’s Attorneyb.   Convene wit h the principal's lawyer as to the principal's medical condition. Know the legal implications and limitations of the protection that the security entourage is supposed to provide. Coordinate with the lawyer and come up plans that fit the need of the principal within the limits of the law at the moment. Since the police are not providing any protection, constantly communicate with principal's lawyer to update oneself with the legal extent up to which protection can be provided for the principal.... Presence of cause -oriented groups in the court audience c. With the recent threats of terrorism in the city and their link to white supremacists plus the recent beating of the principal's chief assistant, the media has made speculations pointing to the principal as one of the possible perpetrators. It is important that the principal realize the importance of this piece of information and the implications of these developments to his case. There have been recent assumptions that rival white supremacist groups are trying to grab power within the organization and it is very important for the principal to take note of this development and consider possible scenarios that may erupt from this incident should this be true. Point out the possibility of these rival groups' chance to take advantage of the principal's predicament and vulnerability in pinning the blame of their actions on him. (Fein, Vossekuil, & Holden, 1995) Security in the court house d. As a very outspoken individual, the principal is prone to tactlessness in speech, impulsive reactions and violent episodes that get him into trouble more often than not. Alert the principal with the possible presence of fundamentalist religious groups, white supremacist groups, civil rights groups and other cause-oriented organizations. Remind the principal that all of these people are very sensitive about the causes that they are fighting for. Caution him to be very wary about his statements as any statement that comes out in the wrong way, although not intended may bring about protests from the different groups present during the trial. Constantly remind principal to avoid statements that contain racial slurs as it is in his nature to do so. Doing so would spark resentment and anger from the organizations that are

English99 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English99 - Essay Example Homosexuals have risen to positions of power in the business, political, and artistic community, and discrimination has been dramatically reduced. In this respect, their civil rights battle and their victories have in some ways paralleled those of African-Americans. One of the biggest issues relating to their civil rights has been the American armys policy of Dont Ask, Dont Tell. America is almost alone in having a policy that discriminates against homosexuals openly serving in the military. Many other countries allow homosexuals to serve openly in their militaries. For example, Israel, Canada, and the U.K., all comparable democracies to the United States allow this to happen. All of these armies are considered to be world class and the presence of homosexuals does not â€Å"create an unacceptable risk to the high standards of morale, good order and discipline, and unit cohesion that are the essence of military capability.† Indeed, in Canada, Canadian Forces officers have even been married on Canadian army bases. While this might be unthinkable in the United States, there is no good reason for it to be so. Many American officers are now comparing their own army to international ones and determining that it is time to bring American practices more in line with practices around the world. These countries’ experience shows that an army does not fa ll apart when homosexuals are allowed the serve openly; there are no reported negative effects whatsoever. One of the main reasons that other countries allow homosexuals to serve openly is because courts have recognized that homosexuals have the right to be free of discrimination. In Canada, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees freedom from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. It simply isn’t possible to deny homosexuals the right to serve their country. These legal reasons have been recognized in other countries too and form the basis for many

Business models group project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business models group project - Essay Example This argument indicates that electronic commerce emerged a long time ago, but it was known to only few industries. This also means that electronic commerce has spread around the world in recent times because of the development of the internet through the World Wide Web (Funk 10). Therefore, organizations should embrace the internet because it is the most significant platform that enables them to conduct business electronically between themselves and consumers and also between them and other businesses. According to the author, the development of the internet enabled electronic commerce to grow by 1000% annually in the years between 1996 and 1997 (Timmers 1). This growth rate is so huge and it indicates that the internet has had a massive effect on the ways in which organizations conduct their businesses. The article also argues that the research that was conducted by Data monitor in 1997 indicated that by the year 2002, around 630,000 organizations in the United States and other 245,000 in the European Union would be conducting all of their functions electronically (Timmers 1). This means that if these statistics were expected to take effect in 2000, in the current times, the organizations that conduct business electronically exceed this number both in the United States and in the European Union. The author has, however, not indicated the statistics for other parts of the world such as Asia, Africa, and Australia. These regions also have organizations that conduct their functions online, and it means that the author did not research on them efficiently. In this section of the article, the author classifies various business models into groups. Timmers begins this section by defining a business model as a design of the flow of services and products in an organization (2). The design also explains the roles of the actors who take part in the flow of the goods and services. According to the author, the

Add words to all the subtitles that is in yellow Essay

Add words to all the subtitles that is in yellow - Essay Example Seniors can benefit by learning to do online banking instead of standing in long lines at the bank. Seniors can also sign up for Medicare benefits and make changes online. It is also imperative to consider relative technical understanding of the older generation in regard to technology use as compared to the young people. This will serve as a critical parameter in assessing their level of commitment towards use of technology. The overall attitude and desire to use technology in their banking activities exhibit a uniform pattern. This is because most of the elderly persons are time conscious and physically vulnerable to fatigue from the traditional banking method. Adoption of online registration and subsequent use of such applications is likely to encourage the older generation to embrace it outside the limits of Medicare services and banking to many other activities like insurance services, online notification from various organizations for which they are membership and air travel bookings. The chosen sample size is representative of overall technology perception trend among the total population. The current research is the growing aging population in this country and the increasing need for access technology leadership believe there is a growing gap (Gilly, 2012). Resistance to computer use by specific age-related segments of the consumer population further fueled the computer literacy debate (Gilly, 2012). Defining the attitudes and perspectives of an aging population in regards to their understanding of accessing technology can address foundational problems. The study integrates an ethnographic qualitative view to change leadership perspective to foster improvements in technology for the aging populations (McMurtrey, 2011). The increasing technological advancement which surpasses the rate of familiarity with the aged population is one major challenge. This means a significant technology acquisition time lag which is

TORT Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

TORT - Term Paper Example The Page case established foreseeability of personal injury, whether physical or injury, as a pivotal element in tort claims. It is a legal dictum applicable only to primary or direct victims. The Alcock case, on the other hand, dealt with secondary victims or claimants suffering from psychiatric injury by reason of their exposure to the injury or death of a loved one. It established three control mechanisms: establishment of close ties of love and affection between claimant and victim, albeit this is presumed in certain cases; establishment of presence at the accident site or immediately after, and; establishment of psychiatric injury as a result of directly witnessing the accident or its immediate aftermath. In the present case, however, the police officers/rescuers were not claiming as secondary victims, accidentally witnessing their loved ones dying or being injured, but as primary victims suffering psychiatric injuries as a result of being in the rescue operation. ... The House of Lords was faced with the dilemma of granting claims to policemen/rescuers for psychiatric illness when it had earlier, in Alcock, refused similar claims by close relatives of the victims. Moreover, the prospect of expanding claims on the ground of psychiatric illness posed four issues: the complication of drawing the line between serious grief and psychiatric illness; the effect on claimants suffering from psychiatric illnesses in the event of an expansion; the floodgate doctrine – where more classes of persons will be suing on the ground of psychiatric illness, and; a lopsided liability burden on defendants vis-a-vis tortious conduct. 4 On the basis of the above, the HL was persuaded to dismiss the claims of the police officers/rescuers, observing that where the law on psychiatric injury is concerned, the Court should stop provisionally at the boundaries established by the cases of Alcock and Page until and unless Parliament itself conducts a revamp by enacting l aws that would finally settle all pertinent issues. This, the Court observed, was the prudent thing to do. Q2 Victor should institute an action for tort against William, for his broken legs and ribs, and against the hospital for mistakenly amputating his arm. William is liable for the broken legs and ribs of poor Victor notwithstanding that the slow-speed collision was supposed to have only caused bruising. Under the eggshell skull rule, a â€Å"defendant is liable in tort for the aggravation of a plaintiff’s existing injury or condition, regardless of whether the magnitude of the injury was foreseeable.† 5 Thus, in Smith v Leech Brain & Co,6 the Court granted the claim of the widow of a worker who died of cancer three years after a molten metal accidentally

Scientific Management was the product of 19th Century industrial Essay - 1

Scientific Management was the product of 19th Century industrial practices and has no relevance to the present day. Discuss - Essay Example 7). Thus, work needs to become as organised and productive as it possibly can, due to the numerous people involved in it, and division of labour must be assigned properly in order to bring out the best results. However, it was not until the beginning of the 20th century when such needs were attended to. One of the earliest guiding principles that sprang out from the need for workers to become as productive as possible while helping the employer save money is by implementing new strategies that were scientifically-made and can be tested using scientific methods. This kind of workplace management known as is Scientific Management, was developed by Frederick Taylor around the turn of the 20th century in order to advance the methods used in work and make even workers of any skill level to become even more productive (Taylor, 1939, p. 280). While it was a big step in moving from highly-traditional work and management methods to a much more modern and scientific one, its beginnings were ne vertheless controversial, and may even have reversed its original aims (Watson, 2008, p. 31). Also, Scientific Management is seen as one of the earliest blueprints of modernisation and automation of work, yet by somewhat dehumanising the workers and leaning towards the removal of jobs altogether like in automation of factories, and in a way cancels out one of its aims: making human workers even more efficient (Watson, 2008, p. 32). These, among many reasons were the cause of the abandonment of the use of scientific management, as well as deriving new ideas and disciplines out of it. Thus the evolution of the scientific management as the result of 19th century industrial practices may have no relevance to the present day needs of work places and organisations due to the changed needs, strategies and goals of management. Foundations and Goals of Scientific Management Frederick Taylor is the person credited for the creation of the principles of Scientific Management, which went out in public around the year 1911. He was able to come up with the ideas for changing traditional work methods into modernised and simplified actions that do not need additional efforts in skill-building, as opposed to craftsmen undergoing apprenticeship to learn the ropes (Pitsis, Clegg, and Kornberger, 2011, p. 25). Goals that aim for work and management simplification were made for the successful establishment of the principles of scientific management, and are enumerated as follows: Firstly, the old rule-of-thumb in the methods being used at work are replaced by scientifically-proven methods that bypass older ones, making the work a lot easier to finish and eventually increases overall output by workers (Taylor, 1939, p. 280; Watson, 2008, p. 32); Second, the most skilled or capable of the workforce are trained scientifically in learning, as well as teaching and developing the newer and better methods of work, as well as standardising these methods among all of the workforce to improv e their efficiency (Taylor, 1939, p. 280); Thirdly, there is tight cooperation and coordination between the trainers or the management and the workforce in making sure that the principles are properly adhered to at all times; and (Taylor, 1939, p. 280) By doing the abovementioned principles, there would be an equal sharing of labour and

“The Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin Essay Example for Free

â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin Essay In her short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Kate Chopin portrays a woman – â€Å"young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength† – dealing with the death of her husband. Chopin laces the story with imagery – sounds, smells, sights, and sensations – to highlight contrasting traits of Mrs. Mallard’s experience for the reader. Chopin waits until Mrs. Mallard receives the news of her husband’s death before showcasing her visual exposition. â€Å"When the storm of grief had spent itself,† introduces a weather-oriented comparison that enhances the mental suffering typically felt upon receiving this kind of news. Mrs. Mallard secludes herself in her room and â€Å"There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.† The spring time elements contrast the news that lingers over her: â€Å"The delicious breath of rain was in the air,† â€Å"The notes of a distant song†¦ reached her faintly,† â€Å"Countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves,† Chopin uses these short, but descriptive, sentences to contrast how Mrs. Mallard appears to feel at that moment. The familiar smell of rain creates a connection between the reader and the main character, describing the common â€Å"April showers† that nearly everyone has experienced. As Mrs. Mallard gazes out the window at the â€Å"new spring life,† she hears a person singing and a bird singing. The different descriptions of the spring life function as a barrier for Mrs. Mallard because she now has to deal with the death of her husband and, at the same time, enjoy a beautiful spring day. The imagery Chopin uses to describe Mrs. Mallard’s activities in her room the way she sits in a comfortable chair, and looks out of the window of her room to see trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life are definitely not emblematic of grief. Despite that she was not consciously dissatisfied with her marriage to her husband, she suddenly looks forward to a life lived under her own recognizance. To support the assumption of oppression and sadness in Mrs. Mallard’s past, Chopin says that the clouds â€Å"had met and piled one above the other.† This image of unity symbolizes the happiness that Mrs. Mallard never felt before. The emotional divergence overwhelms Mrs. Mallard, leaving her â€Å"thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up in her throat and shook her, as a  child who ahs cried itself to sleep continues to sop in its dreams.† The comparison to a child further supports the metaphorical rebirth that she is going through. Mrs. Mallard feels overwhelmed by her day’s happenings until a rush comes upon her. â€Å"When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped through her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: ‘free, free, free!’† She felt overjoyed about the news of her husband’s death. â€Å"Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.† This sensation helped her to realize that this event finally gave her the chance to get away and live her life the way she had always wanted to. The reader has just accepted Louises reaction to her husbands death, when the most unexpected happens; Mr. Mallard walks through the door â€Å"a little travel-stained.† This imagery depicts him as worn-down and docile, not valiant. Josephine’s â€Å"piercing cry,† highlights the abruptness of the situation, and serves as a curtain to the scene. By effectively appealing to the senses, Chopin creates a story filled with suspense and dramatic descriptions. Mrs. Mallard feels trapped and alone in her room until she realizes the true potential of the open window that showed her the world outside her dull, gray life, â€Å"She was drinking the very elixir of life through that open window.† Sights, sounds, smells, and sensations all serve to support the reader’s understanding of Mrs. Mallard’s experience.

Effect of Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías Regime on the Economy

Effect of Hugo Rafael Chà ¡vez Frà ­as Regime on the Economy Introduction Venezuela is located in the upper corner of South America and neighbors with Colombia, Brazil, and Guyana. It has been nearly 200 years since Venezuela first gained its independence from Spain (1811). From 1830 onwards, when Venezuela split from the Bolivarian Colombia (1819-1830), the country was governed mostly by military and despotic regimes. That military period lasted until 1958 when the current democratic spell started following the ousting of General Marcos Perez Jimenezs dictatorship.  [1]  Despite that long period of military dictatorships, the Venezuelan economy is considered to be a mixed economy where there is a mixture of command and free market elements  [2]  . These will be discussed in greater depth in the following text. Venezuela had until the 1980s a series of successful periods of economic growth  [3]  . The country had from there on and until 1999 a succession of economic and political crises. The government previous to the election of Hugo Chavez headed by Rafael Caldera was in power from 1994 to 1999. During this time in office he had to deal with high inflation rates and a financial crisis. Due to these severe problems, Caldera was forced to impose an exchange control in mid-1994. This was shortly followed by more stabilization actions that were enforced by the International Monetary Fund agreement. Due to these severe actions taken by the Calderas government (Convergencia) he became severely unpopular among the electorate. This did not help him win his reelection and set the stage for Hugo Chavez  [4]  . The purpose of this essay is to discuss whether or not Hugo Rafael Chà ¡vez Frà ­as regime is moving towards a planned economy due his anti- American stance. Moises Naim states that the rise to power of Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez is often seen as evidence of an impending backlash against globalization, American-style capitalism.  [5]  This statement reflects the change in the governments policies on the Venezuelan economic system. To further explain this transformation it is vital to define what a free market economy and planned economy are. Theoretical Background Hypotheses If the Venezuelan government is moving from a free market economy to a planned economy, one would expect to find evidence of this transition economy. Definitions are needed to be known before explanation of results. A free market economy refers to an economy in which markets, in other words the interaction of buyers and producers, determine price and output.  [6]  In addition, this economic system [relies] on free markets which permit people to engage in economic activities largely free from government control.  [7]  In other words the government must have a hands-off policy in regards to the economy. Therefore, all production is in private hands and companies are able to adjust their wages and prices according to the demand and supply curve. Furthermore individuals are able to make independent decisions regarding the price of products, amount of production, and retailing. The free market economy is one that allows for the best interests of both consumers and producers to be met  [8]  . Advantages of the free market economy include: resources are allocated by market forces and price mechanisms,  [9]  and the motivation of profits provides an incentive to reduce costs and be innovate.  [10]  As William Baumol points out, to some extent, innovation in the economy is important as it indicates the expansion of peoples creativities in businesses and therefore fosters productivity growth in the economy.  [11]  What this makes clear once again is that a lot of the power and decision making lie within companies and the market. Disadvantages can include resources being used up too quickly as firms seek to make high profits and to minimize costs.  [12]  Additionally, large firms can expand and dominate a particular industry; leading to higher prices, and results in excessive power. A planned economy is defined as an economy where decisions are made by the government on the behalf of the people, and in theory, in their best interests.  [13]  This indicates that the state has great ownership of resources in the economy and through this provides social welfare to the people. In this economy the government sets the price of resources. There are thought to be several advantages and disadvantages in a planned economy. The advantages are that the government can directly influence the distribution of income to make it more equal  [14]  . In addition the government determines which [types of goods] are to be supplied  [15]  . This necessarily gives the government the power to decide what goods are considered to be important in the society. A disadvantage of this economy is the government [s dominance which] may lead to a loss of personal freedom of choice  [16]  . Unlike the free market economy there is no incentive for individuals or firms to be innovat iveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ goods are often of poor quality and usually a limited choice.  [17]  No competition in the economy and low profit (or absence of profit altogether) can lead to inefficiencies of resources. In short, it is the government, and not the consumers, who make all the decisions. A planned economy is an ideology often used by governments in communist states. Countries like Cuba and North Korea are currently using a planned economy system. An important concept of economic theory in describing a planned economy and free market economy is the understanding of economic growth. Economic growth is defined as an improvement in the standard of living (that) typically occurs when an economy increases its output of goods and services during an expansion  [18]  . This leads to economic development which refers to an improvement in living standards in an economy encompassing material consumption, education, health, and environmental concerns.  [19]  Therefore the use of a production possibility curve (PPC) is implemented to determine economic growth. Looking at the graph below (figure 1), one can see the theoretical downfall of the total goods and services (GDP) as the market moves from free market to planned economy. The PPC1 curve shifts downwards to PPC2 a level where planned economy would function. In moving from a free economy to a more planned economy orientated structure (transition economy), theoretically the output of the countrys total goods and services would decrease because of the inefficiencies. Overall the economic growth diminishes as the governments dominance in the economy increases. Figure 1 The PPC can also be used to better understand the change in government spending in a planned economy. This curve demonstrates the shifting of the government spending. The graph below (figure 2) presents public sector production and private sector production. The PPC curve represents the maximum amount of output possible given the available resources.  [20]  . At point A, there is an equal amount of production from the public and private sector. The total production at point A is on the PPC curve meaning that the maximum level of production is obtained  [21]  . As the government moves closer to a fully planned economy and it begins to invest in the public sector which include schools, health programs, housing, and so forth bureaucracy and inefficiencies increase and production moves to point B.  [22]  As we can see in figure 2, point B is no longer on the PPC curve but below it, signaling that the maximum level of output is not being achieved. Figure 2 Methodology Departing from the following hypothesis If the Venezuelan government is moving from a free market economy to a planned economy, one would expect to find evidence of this transition economy. This evidence would be found in several areas. One would expect to find more government bureaucracy and interferences in private enterprises. This could take the form of increased unjustified fines, paper work, restriction of all kinds, and control, which all result in reduction of business. One would also expect to find an increase in the nationalization of private companies; this could take the form of expropriation of private lands by the government. Further evidence of a movement towards a planned economy would be greater spending on social welfare. This would be clear in areas such as health, education, and housing. Finally, one would expect to find evidence of more interference in the economic structure exemplified by manipulation of currency exchange rates. To prove my hypothesis, this evid ence should be demonstrated as actually present in order to confirm the transition of Venezuelas economy. To prove or disprove my hypothesis I relied both on primary and secondary sources. In investigating primary sources, I met with two local business men  [23]  and one professor  [24]  in Venezuela. I then asked them specific questions  [25]  regarding their businesses in this transition economy. Furthermore, in October 2010 on a visit to Venezuela, I was able to make my own observations of the state of the country. In investigating secondary sources, I researched articles and books written by authors and journalists. In addition, I looked for statistics that represent the movement from a free-market to a planned economy. Results Analysis Evaluation More government interference on businesses When Hugo Chavezs government got into office in 1999, the government slowly imposed new regulations on all sizes of businesses. This policy mainly impacted negatively small businesses and employment. I interviewed one business man, Otto Horn, regarding the increased bureaucracy that his firm, Floritec  [26]  , encounters. In this interview he stated that It is harder to import and export raw materials and finished products abroad  [27]  . Many businesses are required to fill in extra custom paper work for SENIAT (the governments tax collection entity)  [28]  and face crippling fines for even a minor inconsistency in the eyes of custom agents. It gets harder by the day to keep small enterprises in business. This has led to higher cost for businesses as these bureaucratic obstacles force the firms to hire more labor to deal with these issues. As well, it is noticed that waiting for approvals from the government in so many newly imposed demands on small enterprises means los s of time and money which impacts the efficiency of these businesses. To put an example, the government has begun charging firms for the use of their own company logo on their own trucks. Otto Horn stated, If you want to put a company logo, you need to buy a license from the government and this raises costs.  [29]  These examples point to an increased level of government interference. Small businesses are mostly affected by these measures as they dont have enough capital to cover these new expenses. Big businesses have also been affected by these government interferences and even though they are better prepared to cope with it the uncertainty leads to less investment and further instability in the economy as a whole. In early 2009, the economy encountered high inflation  [30]  . This caused a surge in the prices of all products. The Venezuelan government, under Chavez, made several attempts in reducing this high inflation. One of the actions taken was imposing price controls on certain staple foods in an effort to make them more affordable to everyone. However, this action did not have the best outcome, [the] government [`s] attempts to impose price control has had limited effect as big food producers have cut back on production, food distributors have decreased shipments and even hoarded essential goods and retail sellers have traded on the black market  [31]  This control further damaged the food producers by cutting their profit which forced them to reduce the costs, which in one example was achieved by reducing the number of employees. Furthermore, Luis Carmona of Polar states, Forcing companies to produce rice at a loss will not resolve the situation, [and] simply makes it worse.  [32]  In addition, fewer goods could be established on the market. These price controls largely affects food producers and many food processing companies became bankrupt. Hugo Chavez and his government decided to sue or even nationalize dysfunctional companies if they do not follow the governments rules  [33]  . Hugo Chavez said he would take over the control of the food processing industries, as he said in one of his statements, I will expropriate them, I have no problem with that, and Ill pay them with bonds. Dont count on me paying with hard cash  [34]  . This suggests that the government is serious about making food available to the poor but on the other hand, private firms cannot cope with the price changes unless it cuts down on costs. This is all evidence of a planned economy. Government interference was evident in the conversation with another business man named Jorge Redmond, CEO of Chocolates El Rey  [35]  . Mr. Redmond initially wanted to merge his company with the world renowned company, Nestlà ©. He wanted to merge the company to avoid suffocating levels of governmental interference and bureaucratic hurdles brought upon the firm affecting its products exports mainly to its U.S customers. However the government blocked the deal between the potential mergers, as the government did not want more foreign presence in Venezuela  [36]  . The governments move against expansion of global assets limits the choices of private firms. This emphasizes the governments bureaucracy and interference on businesses. Government Nationalization Growing bureaucracy and government interference have led to a failure of private companies as they cannot maintain healthy profitability levels. This has given the government an excuse to nationalize private firms. Common examples are CA Nacional Telefonos de Venezuela (CANTV), the countrys telephone company and Electricidad de Caracas, the largest electric company in Venezuela  [37]  . These nationalizations were linked by Chavez to his pursuit of XXI century Socialism  [38]  . In July 2007, at the start of the high fuel prices, the government nationalized key infrastructures of the Venezuelan economy in an attempt to reach the goals of the government.  [39]   Also in 2007, the government stripped assets from two U.S. oil companies Exxon Mobil Corp. and ConocoPhilips.  [40]  The government seized control of the profits of both companies. In the following year, 2008, Hugo Chavez and his government ordered the nationalization of the cement industry, Cemex,  [41]  a Mexican owned company. Chavezs rationale was to prepare for future building in the housing sector. In addition, in 2008, the Venezuelan steel mill, Siderà ºrgica del Orinoco SIDOR, was nationalized. Chavez complained the companies do not put a high enough priority on supplying the domestic market  [42]  . In 2009, the government for the first time ordered the Venezuelan armed forces to take over a business, in this case a rice processing plant  [43]  . In October 2010 the government nationalized AGROISLENA, the countrys largest producer of goods and services for the agricultural sector  [44]  . According to The Economist, since Hugo Chavez got into power in 1999, almost 400 companies have been nationalized, the vast majority in the past two years.  [45]  This shows the governments movement to take over major industries in order to fix the prices of the goods. All the above actions taken by the government have been sweeping reforms throughout the nation with the aim of reducing the prices of products which would result in massive consumption of the products by the local economy. The nationalization of firms by the government points to evidence of a planned economy as the government begins to de-privatize companies, moving towards a greater control of how the economy functions. More Social Welfare Spending Hugo Chavez came to power by promising the people a reduction in poverty and an increase in quality of life for the masses. This spending was fueled by high oil prices in July 2007, crude had reached the remarkable world market price of $US 147 per barrel.  [46]   This increased spending in the public sector gives more evidence of the move to a planned economy. The graph (figure 3) below shows the statistics of government public expenditure  [47]  . The current regime under Hugo Chavez has increased public spending by a factor of 13 between 1999 (the year Chavez entered office) to 2008. Figure 3 The government has spent money on the educational, health, and housing sectors. With the increase profits from the oil rents and productions, the Ministry of Education has introduced mission programs, Robinson I and II are mission[s] focusing on literacy and primary education for adults, Ribas and Sucre target secondary and university education for individuals who never had the opportunity to attend or those who dropped out.  [48]  This missions are examples of increased spending on the public sector. Hugo Chavezs government has increased public spending on the health sector of the economy. The government has created new mission programs such as, Barrio Adentro [which] provides free health care to the poor through the assistance of tens of thousands of Cuban doctors  [49]  Internet correspondence with Guillermo Buhrkohl  [50]  , a political professor from Venezuela, confirms this in the following, The health programs known as Mission Barrio Adentro and Mission Miracle, are programsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ aiming [at]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ providing primary medical attention to the shantytown population; however the professor confirms the government is literally asphyxiating both health care provided by private hospitals and the traditional public health system, paradoxically the later is the place where the poor go when a very limited Barrio Adentro cannot cope. This proves that there has been an increase in government spending on healthcare which could be seen as detrimental to both priv ate and public sectors. The government promised the masses to increase the public social welfare to all. This would also include the construction of close to free housing for each family. From my own personal observation while visiting the country in October 2010, the use of the billboards to promote housing plans was clearly evident everywhere  [51]  . This evidence of increased spending in the public sector mostly for political purposes adds up to the motive of the planned economy. Manipulation of currency Hugo Chavezs government has interfered deeply into the currency market. The government has made severe adjustments to currency, starting with the introduction of strict exchange rate controls by pegging the exchange rate to the American dollar in 2005. In 2008, the government changed the numerical currency making 1,000 Bolivars equal to the value of one Bolivar Fuerte (strong Bolivar)  [52]  . This measure could be seen to minimize the perceived inflation due to government action. However, it does not address the inflation that the country faces. In January 8th 2010, the government announced the devaluing of the currency by up to 50%  [53]  . The government believed that the devaluation of the Bolivar would trigger an export boom as Venezuelas exports would become more competitive. In reality, the devaluation had little to no effect on the countrys exports, as can be seen in Figure 4  [54]  . Figure 4 As mentioned above, in 2005, Hugo Chavezs administration made extreme adjustments to the Venezuelan financial system. The governments control over the currency exchange rates is shown in a statement, The introduction of the exchange controls has meant that companies and individuals have to apply to the Comision de Administracion de Divisas (Cadivi, the official foreign exchange agency).  [55]  This is where the government fixed the currency rate at 2.15 to the dollar. This triggered an increase in imports from 2005 which can be seen on the graph above (Fig.3)  [56]  . On January 8, 2010, the devaluation has occurred; from 2.15 bolivars to the [US] dollar to 4.3 bolivars to the [US] dollar  [57]  explained above caused higher consumer inflation on goods thus affecting the total spending on imported goods like televisions. The devaluation of the currency and exchange controls has lead the Venezuelan economy to have extremely high inflation. Consumption in the Venezuelan economy has decreased and business production has lowered to meet their expenditures. For example, Movistar, [in Venezuela] a mobile phone company owned by Spains Telefonica, last month [August 2010] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ suspended roaming agreements in 13 countries.  [58]  This indicated that the dollar squeeze is affecting the Venezuelan economy deeply. On the other hand, high inflation means that the government gets more Bolivars from a quick recovery of oil prices, and exporting oil to United States. This money allows the government to satisfy the needs of the Venezuelans to the best interests of the government, and this brings the role of the government into everyday lives as, that gives Mr. Chavez the chance to throw money around: pay rises for the army for example.  [59]  This manipulation of the currency gives solid evidence of interferences in economy by Hugo Chavezs government which adds a new element that confirms the hypothesis of a transition towards a planned economy in Venezuela. Conclusions In this investigation, I found information that supports the transformation to a planned economy from a free market economy in Venezuela. The evidence included: increased government bureaucracy, nationalization of the private sector, increased government spending in social welfare, and increased manipulation of the currency. This has led Hugo Chavezs government to gain greater control of the Venezuelan economic system since his election in 1998. The government is able to decide which goods and services are considered to be important for society. Such examples are the heavily subsidized food distribution firms (MERCAL and PDVAL) created by the government  [60]  . In this investigation, there are a number of difficulties that hinder the gathering of evidence. First, it was hard to gain true statistics regarding the economy. For example, the unemployment rate is hard to determine due to the fact that workers in the informal sector of the economy are included in the statistics which constitutes half of the countrys total workforce  [61]  . It was difficult to find statistical data to support the losses of business budget. Despite my attempts to access this information through internet sources, I was unsuccessful. Secondly there has been a strong political bias in many articles, books, and interviews. These biases affected my research and influenced me deeply, though I made every attempt to remain objective. In addition, it was often hard to separate politics from economics where both are closely linked together. These shortcomings together with a lack of time beg for further and more in depth research to formalize conclusions. Specifically, I would wish to focus on a significant number of concrete business cases where the governments interference in the economy has greatly affected their profitability. I would be interested in confirming the statistical data to support the hypothesis presented. However, the evidence and research presented here demonstrate that there are elements to sustain my hypothesis. It is clear that the government is seriously attempting to impose upon the country a planned economy of the Venezuela. Whether the government is able to complete a transition to a fully planned economy or not, this conclusion stands regardless. In my opinion, the move to the planned economy under Hugo Chavez can have a negative impact on Venezuela as it has negatively limited the freedom of Venezuelan businesses and increased government interference in the economy. Evidence can be found in articles discussing the current brain drain  [62]  ; the educated Venezuelans are more likely to leave the country. Many of these educated people whom are students, professors, doctors, business owners and so forth have either moved to Colombia or to the United States. References Bad news for Venezuelan economy. El Universal 24 May 2010: n. pag. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. . Baumol, Willam. The free-market innovation machine: analyzing the growth miracle of capitalism. Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press, 2002. Print. Blink, Jocelyn, and Ian Dorton. Economics: Course Companion. Oxford: Database right Oxford University Press, 2007. Print. The Bolivarian Brain Drain. Newsweek 1 July 2009: n. pag. Web. 22 Nov. 2010.

Suez Crisis :: Middle East History

Suez Crisis The Suez Crisis marks major shift in the power relations of western Europe, signalling the rising importance of cold war politics in international crises, The Crisis has a big impact on Canada and our peace keeping ability's.Lester Pearson's idea to stop the crisis hepls show that we are a peacefull nation. Firstly, The Suez Crisis began on 26 July 1956, when United States' decision to withdraw its offer of a grant to aid the construction of Egypt's Aswan High Dam, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal.(1) The governments of Britain and France secretly began planning for an invasion of Egypt. Israel soon was doing its own invasion planning, completing its final plan on 5 October. After several international mediation efforts had failed, Britain and France agreed in mid-October 1956 to undertake a joint intervention in Egypt. Aware of the upcoming Israeli plan to invade the Sinai, French officials suggested that a France-British force could enter Egypt and separate the combatants, while actually seizing control of the entire Suez waterway.(2) On 26 October, the United States learned of Israel's military mobilization, and President Dwight Eisenhower sent the first of two personal messages to Israeli Prime Minister Ben Gurion asking that Israel do nothing to end anger the peace. In the Mediterranean on the 28th, the U.S. Sixth Fleet was placed on alert.(3) Undeterred by U.S. diplomatic maneuvering, Israeli forces began attacks in Egypt on 29 October.The canal had many useful reason like trading, and to to have Nassar take control of stopped any other country from trading with country's like Isreal and this also stopped isreal from exporting their goods. No one predicted Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal on July 26,1956.(4) Four interconnected events prepared the way for Nasser's greatest moment: the Evacuation Treaty of 1954, the Baghdad Pact, the Czech arms deal, and the Aswan Dam negotiations. Nasser began a diplomatic campaign to restore Egyptian dignity and get the British out of Egypt. The British planned to create a Middle Eastern collective security organization similar to that of NATO and SEATO to protect their interests in the region. The US supported the idea but would not consider joining any such agreement. The Presiden t traveled to Egypt in 1953, because be believed Britain should consider Egypt for the base of the organization.(5) He quickly realized that neither Nasser nor his people would ever consent to such a deal. Suez Crisis :: Middle East History Suez Crisis The Suez Crisis marks major shift in the power relations of western Europe, signalling the rising importance of cold war politics in international crises, The Crisis has a big impact on Canada and our peace keeping ability's.Lester Pearson's idea to stop the crisis hepls show that we are a peacefull nation. Firstly, The Suez Crisis began on 26 July 1956, when United States' decision to withdraw its offer of a grant to aid the construction of Egypt's Aswan High Dam, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal.(1) The governments of Britain and France secretly began planning for an invasion of Egypt. Israel soon was doing its own invasion planning, completing its final plan on 5 October. After several international mediation efforts had failed, Britain and France agreed in mid-October 1956 to undertake a joint intervention in Egypt. Aware of the upcoming Israeli plan to invade the Sinai, French officials suggested that a France-British force could enter Egypt and separate the combatants, while actually seizing control of the entire Suez waterway.(2) On 26 October, the United States learned of Israel's military mobilization, and President Dwight Eisenhower sent the first of two personal messages to Israeli Prime Minister Ben Gurion asking that Israel do nothing to end anger the peace. In the Mediterranean on the 28th, the U.S. Sixth Fleet was placed on alert.(3) Undeterred by U.S. diplomatic maneuvering, Israeli forces began attacks in Egypt on 29 October.The canal had many useful reason like trading, and to to have Nassar take control of stopped any other country from trading with country's like Isreal and this also stopped isreal from exporting their goods. No one predicted Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal on July 26,1956.(4) Four interconnected events prepared the way for Nasser's greatest moment: the Evacuation Treaty of 1954, the Baghdad Pact, the Czech arms deal, and the Aswan Dam negotiations. Nasser began a diplomatic campaign to restore Egyptian dignity and get the British out of Egypt. The British planned to create a Middle Eastern collective security organization similar to that of NATO and SEATO to protect their interests in the region. The US supported the idea but would not consider joining any such agreement. The Presiden t traveled to Egypt in 1953, because be believed Britain should consider Egypt for the base of the organization.(5) He quickly realized that neither Nasser nor his people would ever consent to such a deal.

The Strong Women in The Orestia by Aeschylus Essay -- Aeschylus Orest

The Strong Women in The Orestia by Aeschylus To most readers, the women of The Orestia are evil and vindictive, a disgrace to all chaste and righteous women.   Aeschylus portrayed women as equals to men, which was not the opinion of most Greeks at the time.   Although he showed some of his women characters as evil, he granted them power, and emasculated the men around them.   Unlike Homer, the women of Aeschylus show both ranges of emotions, both the good and the bad.   A woman portrayed as a villain may be thought of negatively, but the fact that a female is allowed to be the villain, to take action, and leave other men helpless to the choices that she makes, it is a great step.   In the time of the Greeks, a woman was either victimized by the male world around her, or victimized other males to hold a place in the world.   Aeschylus made his women characters unique for his time but relevant to ours, since all the bad and evil characteristics of women then are mostly recognized as strength and intellect.   This th eme is mostly clearly shown through Clymanestra.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clymanestra was not an evil character, but rather a misunderstood one.   Woman of today could perfectly relate to her situation.   For example, Clymanestra was like a housewife, who ran her family while her husband was off focused on his job, working overtime, even when he didn?t need the money, leaving her needs totally unattended to.   The husband talked about his work life like he was the gear that everything revolves around, perhaps even talks about the women that worship him for his skills, or at worst, sleeps with his secretary.   He sacrificed spending time with his children, even missed his daughter?s first ballet recital, so that he could kiss up to the bos... ...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All in all, the strong women in Aeschylus were a man?s nightmare, but the fulfillment of a woman?s dream.   Clymanestra was the type of woman hated in Greece as a she-devil tyrant, but in the present, the kind of woman who would have been a very effective and respected politician who could keep her own in a man?s world.   Aeschylus clearly showed that for a woman, it was nobler to take control of one?s life, be independent, and die, than to ride the rivers of passiveness, watch the world float by without taking any action to change one?s fate, and live a fruitless life.   Clymanestra was not just another ?evil? woman, but could be looked at as a role model for the feminist movement.   She took control of sexuality, of her kingdom, of her children, and her marriage.    Works Cited: Aeschylus. Oresteia. Trans. Peter Meineck. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1998.

White Oleander Essay examples -- essays research papers

White Oleander, a dramatic fiction by Janet Fitch, was published by Little, Brown and Company in Boston. The story is about a mother and daughter, Ingred and Astrid have a very unusual relationship. Ingred loves her daughter but never asks her what she thinks so therefore doesn't know her daughter too well. Such as she does not know of her daughter's yearning for a father. Ingred makes it very clear that she will not allow herself to get close to a man. She is a very brilliant, beautiful poet, who is adored by a man named Barry Kolker. He goes to all of her readings, and asks her out each time. One of the times Barry invites her to go to the Gamelan, an orchestra. Loving the Gamelan, she accepts. Her and Astrid join Barry, and they begin talking more. They start going out more, but each time she makes and stands by regulations, such as he will invite her to eat after an event where they had not planned on eating and she will refuse, because she doesn't like to get attached to men, and doesn't want to spend anymore time than she had already allotted. All of a sudden, her rules start diminishing. One time, there was a knock at her door, and it was Barry. She thought to herself, 'how dare he just come without an invitation?'. When she opened the door (a knife in her hand), he had a bottle of wine, and bag of something that smelled good. To Astrid's surprise she did something least expected. She invited him in. One night Barry said he would be over to her house at 9 and nev...

America and the Great War

America and the Great War Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on jejune 1914 there was a chain reaction that many contribute to the most immediate cause of World War l. However, prior to the start of the 20th century there were many changes going on in and around Europe that can also be considered as root causes to the rise of hostilities between the countries of Europe.This essay will discuss the events that ultimately lead to the beginning of World War l, the events that drew the United States into the War, the events that led to the defeat of the Treaty of Versailles, and hat effect the war had on America's role in the world during the sass and sass. Firstly, the forces of nationalism, Imperialism and millstreams had a great many influence to the rise of hostilities that lead the beginning of World War l. Nationalism was a long-term cause of World War l, as well as many of the other causes, nationalism takes time to create.People are not born with the love of t heir country; instead they must learn to love it and thus nationalism requires a longer period of time to complete (Brown, 2009). Until the rand to late 19th century many European nations†, that Is those peoples sharing a common language and similar culture, were not united in an all-encompassing state. However, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand a rise of nationalism In the Pan-Slavish movement and also the German speaking states occurred.Germany felt nearly unstoppable as a world power following the Franco-Prussian War and because of this national pride felt that they would have no problem expanding their territory using imperialism. Specifically, Germany was attempting to control lands In Africa, a place that Britain and France were already established (Brown, 2009). As a result, Britain and France became closer allies in the conflict against Germany. Britain and France quickly found that by keeping Germany out of Africa, the Germans would be unable to build themselves Into a threatening power.Germany on the other hand, had a different idea and wished to build an empire. In order to better combat the French and prevent another Invasion, Germany began to build their military; this millstreams or the belief of a nation or its people to build and maintain a strong military, with the intention to use it whenever it Is felt necessary (Brown, 2009). France, understanding that Germany was building a large military, saw it as a necessity to in turn build a large military to protect themselves against the Germans.The British were threatened by the Germans Increasing Navy also began to build up their forces In order to remain the world's most elite Navy. With so many countries building up their military it's not hard for these countries to find a reason in which they can use their militaries against one another Germany decided against renewing a treaty with Russia, effectively opting for the Austrian alliance; while Germany's western and as tern neighbors, France and Russia, signed an alliance In 1894 united by fear and resentment of Berlin (Sheffield, 2011).Europe was divided into two armed camps: the Entente Powers and the Central Powers, and these countries populations began to see war not merely as Inevitable but even welcome (Sheffield, 2011). Germany's 1 OFF violation to its pledge to suspend unrestricted submarine warfare in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean, and its attempts to entice Mexico into an alliance against the United States were the main reasons that were presented before Congress as a declaration of war (US Department of State, 2013).Following the sinking of an unarmed French boat, the Sussex, in the English Channel in March 1916, President Wilson had threatened to sever diplomatic relations with Germany, unless the German Government refrained from attacking all passenger ships, and allowed the crews of enemy merchant vessels to escape from their ships prior to any attack. On May 4, 1916, the German Government had accepted these terms and conditions in what came to be known as the â€Å"Sussex pledge† (US Department of State, 2013).Ethnicity played a role in the US neutrality because so many immigrants had locked to the United States during the Industrial Revolution that many of these immigrants still felt strong ties to their homelands back in Europe. The United States was afraid that these ties would hinder soldiers on the battlefield or cause an uproar state side if the United States Joined the war. The United States wanted to keep trade open with both sides of the war and thus keep neutral. However, the allied forces want to stop goods from reaching Germany so they began to seize them.German forces wanted to stop goods from reaching Allied forces and began to attack US ships with U-boats. The entrance of the resource-rich Americans dealt a powerful psychological and military blow to the Germans and greatly hastened their capitulation (Schultz, 2013). Contribut ions to the war effort were not confined to the battlefield. The entire American economy was embroiled to win the war; from planting extra vegetables to keeping the furnace turned off, American civilians provided extra food and fuel to the war effort (US History, 2013).Had the United States not entered the war then many of people living in and around Europe would have been even more effect without these supplies. The United States government engaged in a massive propaganda campaign to raise troops and money (US History, 2013). Where dissent was apparent, it was stifled, prompting many to question whether American civil liberties were in Jeopardy. In the end, the war was won, but the peace was lost. The Treaty of Versailles as presented by President Wilson was rejected by the Senate.In setting policy for ending the war, President Wilson, the idealist, sought a â€Å"peace without victory,† while Senator Henry Lodge, the realist, demented Germany's unconditional surrender (US S enate, 2001). President Wilson offended the Senate by refusing to include senators among the negotiators accompanying him to the Paris Peace Conference and by making conference results public before discussing them with committee members (US Senate, 2001). â€Å"In November 1919, Senator Lodge sent to the Senate floor a treaty with 14 reservations, but no amendments.In the face of President Willow's continued unwillingness to negotiate, the Senate on November 19, 1919, for the first time in its history, rejected a peace treaty' (US Senate, 2001). President Wilson believed that the international organization, the League of Nations, would mitigate the failures of the Versailles Treaty while ensuring free trade, reducing reparations against Germany, extending self-determination beyond Europe, and punishing aggressor nations (History Matter, 2013).Following the failed Treaty of Versailles American foreign policy of the sass was created by isolationism in reaction to the idealistic fore ign policy of President son. Tater the united U States and helped the Allies in World War l, the United S suffered great losses with no payments in return. Thus, America isolated itself from he rest of the world and promised that the United States would not get involved in any future European conflicts by signing treaties designed to keep them out of war.

Family and Son Essay

Success can be a rather abstract term and it can mean very different things to different people. Trying to define what success is is not easy. To most people, success means achieving a goal. In order to achieve a goal, a person usually has to work hard and believe in himself. Being successful at what you do can also be very motivating. People who are successful in one project, tend to be more successful in other projects. This is because they get the feeling that their hard work pays off and that a goal is worth their time and effort. Success usually goes hand in hand with appreciation. If someone we know succeeds at what he or she does, we will most certainly congratulate them. This will make them feel good and motivate them even further. To some people, success means being the best at what they do. Another truth about success is that it can create envy. If you are good at what you do, others will want to be good at the same thing, and if they are not as good as you, they will envy you. This means that success can create a bitter taste in your mouth, because instead of being happy about your achievements, people are mean to you. In this case it is important not to forget that you have done well and that there are many other people who appreciate what you have done. Just think about it this way: if people envy you, you have done something right. And if you are lucky, the envious people will see your success as a means of motivation for achieving their own goals. Success means more to some people than to others. Some want to be successful by all means, others are satisfied by simply trying and giving their best, whether they succeed or not. The secret of success! A young man asked Socrates, an ancient Greek philosopher, the secret of Success. Socrates told the young man to meet him near the river the next morning. They met. Socrates asked the young man to walk with him toward the river. When the water got up to their necks, Socrates took the young man by surprise and ducked him into the water. The man struggled to get out but Socrates was strong and kept him under water until he started turning blue. The young man struggled hard and finally managed to get up. The first thing he did was to gasp and take a deep breath. Socrates asked, â€Å"What did you want the most when you were under the water?† The man replied â€Å"Air†. Socrates said: â€Å"That’s the most secret to success. When you want success as badly as you want air, you will get it. There is no other secret†. Reflection: A burning desire is the starting point of all accomplishments. Just like a small fire cannot give much heat, a weak desire cannot produce great results†¦ Hard Work Bring’s Success. There once lived a rich businessman who had a lazy and fun loving son. The businessman wanted his son to be hard-working and responsible. He wanted him to realize the value of labour. One day he summoned his son and said: â€Å"Today, I want you to go out and earn something, failing which you won’t have your meals tonight.† The boy was callous and not used to any kind of work. This demand by his father scared him and he went crying straight to his mother. Her heart melted at the sight of tears in her son’s eyes. She grew restless. In a bid to help him she gave him a gold coin. In the evening when the father asked his son what he had earned, the son promptly presented him the gold coin. The father then asked him to throw it into a well. The son did as he was told. The father was a man of wisdom and experience and guessed that the source of the gold coin was the boy’s mother. The next day he sent his wife to her parent’s town and asked his son to go and earn something with the threat of being denied the night meals if he failed. This time he went crying to his sister who sympathized with him and gave him a rupee coin out of her own savings. When his father asked him what he had earned the boy tossed the rupee coin at him. The father again asked him to throw it in a well. The son did it quite readily. Again the father’s wisdom told him that the rupee coin was not earned by his son. He then sent his daughter to her in-laws’ house. He again asked his son to go out and earn with the threat that he shall not have anything for dinner that night. This time since there was no one to help him out; the son was forced to go to the market in search of work. One of the shopkeepers there told him that he would pay him two rupees if he carried his trunk to his house. The rich man’s son could not refuse and was drenched in sweat by the time he finished the job. His feet were trembling and his neck and back were aching. There were rashes on his back. As he returned home and produced the two rupee note before his father and was asked to throw it into the well, the horrified son almost cried out. He could not imagine throwing his hard-earned money like this. He said amid sobbing: â€Å"Father! My entire body is aching. My back has rashes and you are asking me to throw the money into the well.† At this the businessman smiled. He told him that one feels the pain only when the fruits of hard labour are wasted. On earlier two occasions he was helped by his mother and sister and therefore had no pain in throwing the coins into the well. The son had now realized the value of hard work. He vowed never to be lazy and safe keep the father’s wealth. The father handed over the keys of his shop to the son and promised to guide him through the rest of the life.

‘Brave New World(BNW) by Aldous Huxley and ‘Bladerunner’ (BR) by Ridley Scott Comparison

It can be seen that both composers were heavily influenced by their own contexts as both texts present a fairly critical view of the society in which they were produced. For example, the novel BNW was composed during a time of scientific and technological advancement, in a world where communist powers were on the rise, and with the influence of growing trends in industrialization and consumerism, Huxley was concerned with his society's lack of morals and exploitation of nature during the twenties. By translating his fears into a satiric critique of his 1920's society, Huxley created a dystopian portrait of society in the future that was superficially a perfect world. This was his attempt to show his audience (the intellectuals of his time) his fears of the present, while simultaneously providing a warning of what the future may bring. In effect, Huxley deliberately endowed the â€Å"ideal† futuristic society with features likely to alienate his audience, making the â€Å"Brave New World† an unsettling, sinister place where nature has been marginalized and natural rhythms such as child birth have been replaced with substitutes and surrogates. The setting of the novel immediately accentuates the harsh reality of the ‘world state' in the opening paragraphs when the reader is confronted with a ‘squat grey building' where the atmosphere is as ‘cold for all the summer beyond its panes', emphasizing the coldness, paleness and clinical nature of the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre, and allowing Huxley to successfully portray a world in which science has superseded nature. Secondly, BR was created in the 1980's, a time where technological advances had become more immediate in every day life, and people were becoming more aware of environmental degradation as a result of human destruction, consequently leading to the general fear that technology was taking over to the detriment of humanity. These issues were of great concern to Ridley Scott, and thus through the medium of film, he portrays a post- modern apocalyptic, dystopian world, in which ecological systems have been replaced by technological constructs, and the future is depicted as a chaotic place with a distinct lack of the natural world and its humane values. His projection was an attempt to warn his society that if certain trends were to continue, humans have the potential to destroy what they value most, being humanity and the natural world. Dramatized by Scott in the opening scene, the wide-angled camera shot gives a birds eye vantage of what Earth has become in the future; a vast industrial metropolis, studded with huge chimney like exhaust outlets from which fireballs explode, as if to resemble in a way â€Å"hell on Earth†. Furthermore, the city's streets are devoid of natural elements such as sunlight due to pollution, and in Gaf's words ‘the little people', are basked in the flickering of neon lights, as huge neon advertisements dominate the city landscape. The urban jungle of Los Angeles 2019 combined with the integration of other techniques and genres such as film noir and science fiction enables Scott to effectively create a world of environmental degradation and in turn warn people that the apocalyptic world depicted may not be far from reality in the near future if trends continue. Both texts share the same tragic flaw, being humanities detachment from the natural world. Thus both seek to demonstrate the effects scientific and technological advancement may have on the natural world and its rhythms in the future. In order to demonstrate the extent to which nature has been superseded by science in BNW, Huxley overwhelms the reader with scientific processes and names, communicated through the use of complex, pseudo-scientific jargon such as the ‘bokanovsky's Process, or ‘Podsnap's Technique, giving the processes in the Brave New World an authentic ring. The application of science to replace natural rhythms such as childbirth The distinct lack of the nature in the film BR is demonstrated through the absence of real animals in the film due to their rarity and price, with artificial animals taking their place eg. Zhora's snake. Also quite ironically the only element of plant life that appears in the film is a small, stunted bonsai, symbolizing the extent to which nature has been stunted by technology. Finally, the elusiveness of night and day displays the disruption technology has made to the world's natural rhythms, demonstrated by Scott through the use of film noir to create a smoky, hazy atmosphere irrespective of the time of day throughout the entirety of the film. The characters in each text are also used to emphasize the composer's concepts. For example It can be seen that â€Å"Humans†, as depicted in BNW and BR are often lacking the qualities that seem fundamental to being human, and thus provoke the responder to question what it really means to be â€Å"human†.

Cunninghams vs Ewells

During the great depression of the1930s there were many families who couldn't make ends meet. How each family copes with their struggles during hard times, has always been a source of great topics for many writers. One such author is Harper Lee who wrote â€Å"To Kill A Mocking Bird†. In the book the author writes of several families, who were going through those hard times. Two of the families in particular stood out for me, the Cunningham and Ewells. Although they did share some things in common they were very different. The equalities were few, and aside from being from the country, having lots of children and having had trouble with the law, the similarities ended. The Cunninghams were from the outskirts of Maycomb, a place called Old Sarum. Apparently this was land that existed in their family for generations. They were considered poor by Maycomb's standards but still tried to make it. Although most of their land had been repossessed and mortgaged, they still owned some. Their land was the primary means of supporting the family and, since money was scarce, many times they would use some of their crops to barter for other necessities or services. The Cunninghams were very proud and hard working people and accepted nothing that was given to them, unless they earned it. For example Mr. Atticus Finch provided legal services to the Cunninghams and did not expect payment of any kind. Mr. Walter Cunningham, however, brought Atticus various things from his farm throughout the year until he reached a point which he considered fair payment for his services. These actions earned the Cunninghams the notion of being proud and honest people. The Cunninghams did have a run in with the law one time, which caused several of the boys to be sent to â€Å"prison†. The prison was more like a state industrial school, were the boys actually were fed and given an education. Some of them went on to higher education and became professionals. So once again they capitalized on an unfortunate event but, used it to progress. The Ewells on the other hand, despite being poor country folk, having many children and having trouble with the law were very different from the Cunninghams. They too, lived outside the town of Maycomb, but they lived in an old abandoned Negro's cabin behind the town dump. They were poor regardless of the economy phases. The Ewells primary source of income was from relief checks they received from the government. Most of the time Mr. Robert Ewell spent the family money on drinking. The Ewells were truly guests of the county of Maycomb. The Ewells children had little or no education. In fact the only reason the children went to school was to be able to continue receiving their relief checks. Since the requirement was that the children had to at least show up for the first day of school in order to collect the relief money, they sent their kids to school on the first day and that would be the extent of their school year. They did not make any strides to better themselves and resisted any help which would allow them to do so. The Ewells were very prejudice. They hated blacks. This is what led to their encounter with the law. But unlike with the Cunninhams, the Ewells were the plaintiffs. They accused an innocent man, Tom Robinson, a Negro, of rape. One time, Tom Robinson, went by the Ewell's cabin and helped Mayella Ewell with a house chore, only to find an enraged Robert Ewell charging towards the cabin. It was then that Tom Robison was thrown in prison and the Ewells began a trial which ended with the conviction of Tom Robinson and his death. It was clear to all of Maycomb that the Ewells were the type of folk to stay away from and most did. Except for one time when Boo Radley came to the deffense of Jem and Scout Finch who were being attacked by a drunk, Mr. Bob Ewell. On that day Mr. Bob Ewell was found dead. The town sheriff called it an accident and no one was apprehended for his death. It is easy to see how two families can share some common traits but, be completely different human beings. The Cunninghams down on their luck because of the economy but, still trying to make it in an honest and proud fashion. The Ewells who were completely the opposite. They were lazy, dishonest, uneducated people and happy to live that way.

Concept Clarification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Concept Clarification - Essay Example There is a wide gap in the physical structure and mental capability between those who are 60 and others aged 90. Not everyone who is 60 disappears into oblivion right away. There are those enjoying exuberant health and actively involved well into their 90s. But not everyone, however, is so fortunate. In the light of the fast economical changes taking place, the issue most important after environment is health care for the aged, particularly those who are left alone, and have nowhere to go. Fear of failing health and deteriorating physical abilities make them prone to fall and injuries. Morbid fear of being unable to move and look after oneself portentously lurk. The possibility of better handling the situation through counseling and improving balancing abilities through exercises must be explored and actively pursued. It will be a healthy world where the elderly are energetic and active so that their wisdom and experience could be put to good use for the society at large. Given the opportunity, there could be no doubt the elderly would be only too happy to immerse themselves in activities which guide them in the art of health-promoting self-care behavior, self-efficacy, and self-care agency. Use of research instrument such as Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II Scale (HPLP II), Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale (SRAHP), Exercises of Self-Care Agency Scale (ESCA), provide invaluable inputs into the causes and effects and raise awareness and self-esteem of the anxious elderly. Inter-personal health promotional behavior and activities among long-term elderly married couples, important and necessary in view of its ubiquity, to analyze relationship quality, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, and social support by means of regression analysis to detect the factors that need to be addressed for better health. A healthy aging social segment reflects good health for society in general. Antecedents The problem of homelessness originates with the individual as well as the social system. Individually the reasons for homelessness set in with any or all of the factors such as broken family background, domestic violence, level of education, ethnicity among others. Structurally, at the society level, lack of facilities, unemployment, poverty, poor income, lack of accommodation facilities, among other factors contribute to homelessness. Homelessness is one of the debilitating causes for quicker deterioration of health for older adults. It is more common in urban situations where accommodation eludes those with little or no income. Biological factors contributing to physical changes begin to weaken the body muscles and joints leading to the fear of falling. In such situation, it is doubly damning if the individual is already beset with homelessness. At times, even standing up without support gives way and the person falls. Health promotional concepts have been emerging ubiquitously with encouraging response from the people of all age groups. Pender's Health Promotional Model (HPM) is particularly noteworthy because of it meticulous approach and provisions for treatment. Pender's Health Promotional Model (HPM), introduced in 1987, seeks to identify individual characteristics and experiences before considering commitment to a plan

Pyramidal ownership structure Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pyramidal ownership structure - Coursework Example ountries, and tends to exists irrespective of whether new companies are developed by smaller organizations or even groups and is crucial to underpin the entrepreneurial activity The organizational structures which various firms are connected through equity financing are ubiquitous in upcoming markets and in majority of developed countries. They are normally arranges as pyramided, where a family or individuals controls an organization, which later controls another company, which could also control another firm, and the chain continues. Despite their control, it is yet to be clear why such firm arise (Almeida and Wolfenzon, 2005). It is normally argues that such ultimate firm owners create pyramid in separating control right from the rights of cash flow and capture private control benefits at the expense of minor shareholders. Business group describes various types of organization. It is used to describe a set of legally independent companies by single families like family groups in East Asia, Latin America, and Western Europe. The term has also been used for companies with lower stance of core control achieved via interlocking directorates and school ties. Some of the examples of these business group include the Japanese Keiretsu where individual managers have a higher degree of autonomy in their companies but coordinate their tasks through the common main bank and the president council. Another illustration for the loose association is the horizontal financial groups found in Russian which are majorly industry alliances. The paper therefore, concentrates on the family groups. There is a wide economic literature on the business groups of families. The theories have suggested various arguments about the existence of business groups and the reason they use various ownership structures. To achieve that control of the member firms, families hold shared directly in their horizontal structure or alternatively it can control some of the companies through the relations of