the bill of rights :: essays research papers

Through step up the history of the United State of America many events fuck off been seen and passed, all to leave their mark with our nation. As quantify ages people change along with our government. Many of these changes occur in our government affect our daily lives. Impacts of these severities argon a direct result of our ever changing Amendments, which our Founding Fathers layed apon us. The Constitution said by many to have "stood the test of time" has lasted through many centuries through the use of the ever flexible amendments.     During the prior eras of the United States of America, few had hope in the idea of a government with a central origin in the thoughts of the confederates. Although time in and time out this idea seems to be banished within the shadows of the proven government. The spirit changing frequently in order to oblige to quickness americcan life. By the use of amendments the Bill of rights atomic number 18 extended and m odified to mold and shape to the society and its nearby surrounding. Ideas conveying the change include the thirtenth Amendment which perpetrate an end to slavery and all of its extensions in eigthteen threescore five. The southern states of the nation were allowed to enforce unwilling labor at little or no toll at all to the owners. By the end of the uncouth tradition suggested the nation was snowballing into revolution of change which allowed the government prove their ability to keep current with society. on with the gaining of sullens rights and the abolishment of slavery came the granted right of voting. Black citizens were bared from voting until late cardinal seventies. The fifteenth amendment offically proctected the Black man right to vote and in addition allowed congress to "pass laws needed to enforce this amendment." clearly cardinal is able to view the Constitutions ability to mend the Bill of rights with amendments to grant a viable conformity of jus tice. Blod manuvers from the governmnet, has displayed to the society as well as the nation, guard is granted to where is most important. Our granted rights changing in time.     Recent periods of evolution and application of our Civil constitution does not date far into our nations history. Amendments have change the way inwhich citizens vote and gain the ability to vote. In the early nineteen seventies an age of eighteen years old was set to allow one to cast their vote in natioal, state, and local elections.the bill of rights essays research papers Through out the history of the United State of America many events have been seen and passed, all to leave their mark with our nation. As time ages people change along with our government. Many of these changes occur in our government affect our daily lives. Impacts of these severities are a direct result of our ever changing Amendments, which our Founding Fathers layed apon us. The Constitution said by many to have "stood the test of time" has lasted through many centuries through the use of the ever flexible amendments.     During the earlier eras of the United States of America, few had hope in the idea of a government with a central power in the thoughts of the confederates. Although time in and time out this idea seems to be banished within the shadows of the proven government. The constitution changing frequently in order to adapt to quickness americcan life. By the use of amendments the Bill of rights are extended and modified to mold and shape to the society and its nearby surrounding. Ideas conveying the change include the thirtenth Amendment which put an end to slavery and all of its extensions in eigthteen sixty five. The southern states of the nation were allowed to enforce unwilling labor at little or no cost at all to the owners. By the end of the inhuman tradition suggested the nation was snowballing into revolution of change which allowed the go vernment prove their ability to keep current with society. Along with the gaining of Blacks rights and the abolishment of slavery came the granted right of voting. Black citizens were bared from voting until late eighteen seventies. The fifteenth amendment offically proctected the Black man right to vote and also allowed congress to "pass laws needed to enforce this amendment." Clearly one is able to view the Constitutions ability to mend the Bill of rights with amendments to grant a viable form of justice. Blod manuvers from the governmnet, has displayed to the society as well as the nation, protection is granted to where is most important. Our granted rights changing in time.     Recent periods of evolution and application of our Civil constitution does not date far into our nations history. Amendments have altered the way inwhich citizens vote and gain the ability to vote. In the early nineteen seventies an age of eighteen years old was set to allow on e to cast their vote in natioal, state, and local elections.

Explore proposals of marriage and the representation of married women in Pride and Prejudice :: essays research papers

Explore proposals of marriage and the representation of matrimonial women in Pride and PrejudiceMarriage is the ultimate goal in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice. The book begins with the excerpt It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife, and this sets the tone for all the events that are to follow. It manages to present a miniature version of all that happens over the course of the novel, the entire plot of which is basically concerned with the interest group of advantageous marriage by both male and pistillate characters. The obsession with socially beneficial marriage in nineteenth-century English society manifests itself here, for although she points out that a single man must be in want of a wife, Austen reveals that the reverse mogul be more accurate, as almost all of the unmarried female characters are virtually desperate for marriage.Married women are represented as foolish, for example Mrs Benne t and Charlotte Lucas/Collins. Mrs Bennet is very much a one-dimensional character, and this might be because she is already married, and her story is therefore of no real interest to Austen, so she does not spend time developing Mrs Bennet as a fully rounded character. However, she does manage to show Mrs. Bennet as a frustratingly irritating character, as she is both noisy and absurd, and her single-minded obsession with suss outing her daughters married to rich and eligible bachelors becomes tiresome early on in the novel. More irritatingly, her pursuit of her daughters well being is usually her undoing, as her attempts tend to fail, due to her lack of social graces, which separate her from the class of men she wishes for her daughters. She shows how utterly preoccupied with marrying her daughters off, regardless of their happiness, in the way that she is pleased with Lydias marriage to Wickham. It is painfully obvious that Lydia will concisely become disillusioned with her ha sty marriage, but Mrs Bennet still sees it as delightful indeed 9169). It is very likely that Austens use of Mrs Bennets character is only a deliberate twisting to highlight the necessity of marriage for young women to avoid scandal or scorn and to ensure that they are provided for, and this explains why her character is never developed some(prenominal) more than necessary. Charlotte, however, is still given as much attention after her marriage as she was before, and this is probably because Austen wants to let us as the reader see how her marriage of convenience affects her.

Bruce and Clark Essay -- essays papers

Bruce and Clark To the ordinary citizen of any given suburb, town, or city the names Bruce and Clark do not particularly stand out to be special or significant. If whiz was to ask an ordinary citizen if he or she had heard of Batman and or Superman, one could bet that those names would be labeled as special and significant. Bruce Wayne and Clark Kent otherwise known as Batman and Superman have lived in Americas comic books, movies, cartoons and hearts for sound over fifty years. Protecting the streets of Gotham City and Metropolis, these crime fighters have given a great deal to humanity, and although they have many similarities, their childhood and upbringing argon quite different. Batman and Superman have basic hero similarities. Costumes, secret identities, and love for cheesecake . . ., ok so not the cheesecake, be obtained by both. Looking a lesser deeper than surface information, both heroes parents passed away when they were very young. Batmans parents died by the h and of a petty thief in a robbery turned sour, while Supermans ferternal parents blew up on their home planet Krypton. Another event shared by the soldiers of justice is the fact that both were influenced by their father to become crime fighters. Clark Kents father asked him to use his powers and gifts for good. Bruce Waynes father was murdered and Bruce felt guilty for not preventing it, therefore creating Batman to help prevent it from happening to anyone else. In addition to the other similarities both characters are part of the same comic brand name, DC Comics. This allowed the heroes to interact and be on the same team in one particular scenario, Justice coalition of America was the name of that organization. The Justice league was... ...nstead of being born with powers, revenge gave birth in Bruces heart and diligent pursuit of expertise haunted his all dream. Therefore, Bruce is a self-made prevention vigilante for Gotham City. Superman and Batman, they serve they s ame purpose and fight for the same outcome, good over evil. But the only affair similar about Clark Kent and Bruce Waynes childhood is that they were both young. The fact that people are most influenced when they are young and start to obtain their personalities around the age of tailfin suggests that if different circumstances had derived from either situation that Metropolis would have never had a Superman and Gotham City would be a crime ridden vicinity without the caliginous Knight. I am glad that the world has the opportunity to partake in the adventures of these DC Comic hereos. Their stories proves that any can go from zero to hero.

Essay --

Every job has its ups and downs, but it just happened to be that we, as humanity beings, tend to drag our work problems with us to our personal life. Knowing how to separate work from personal life is hard, especially in todays order of magnitude considering the technology we beat today. This research made me aware of the stress and everyday interactions that probation officers endure and I must admit, is more stressful than I thought. I have always imagined a probation officers job much more facile not having such a huge caseload, but care they say, ignorance is bliss. In the following essay, I will be discussing the findings about the stress of a probation officer.This first study did not mention exactly how many officers were used in this study but it stated that 39 to 55 percent have experienced work link violence or threats. (ncjrs.gov). Most of the work related stress did not jazz from the offenders but from the agency itself. There are three major types of stress in the probation world, high caseloads, paper work and in conclusion but not least deadlines. And as many jobs have it, about 87 percent blame their supervisor for one of the causes of stress. They said the lack of feeler of the job, and recognizing well job done. (ncjrs.gov). As we can see already, each and one of these stress actors is tied to another. Now the question to ask is how these strong and willing extensive individual deal and cope with their stress. Some said they took extra sick days just for themselves and other by going to church, venting with family, friends or co workers and others by exercising. (ncjrs.gov)There has been some suggestion to create stress relief programs. Few of the reasons to create relief stress programs is so probation officer will grouse out s... ...alifying ones.( White, Gasperin, Nystrom, Ambrose, Esarey). Their reason was because of the salary of the job and format. They continue saying that one must be mature, tolerance, open minded, patience and self confidence. .( White, Gasperin, Nystrom, Ambrose, Esarey). This brings up a severe point. Wanting to be a community correction officer must be a job one loves and have passion for it because the pay and burnouts that come along with it are not the greatest. One most really consider all the option, pros, and cons of the job before take it. Being a probation officer is like working in the back of a movie scene. Also that one must seen the offender beyond their abomination. .( White, Gasperin, Nystrom, Ambrose, Esarey). Trying to see the offender by their offense takes a lot of humbleness. Its hard to see pass someone who molested a child or murder and innocent child

Gender Roles in Society Essay -- Gender Studies

Gender Roles in nightclub Gender role is a usually discussed subject in society. Gender role simply defined is a persons inner sense of how a male or female should feel and behave. Society and culture ar also very important in relation to this subject. This means different societies and cultures may produce children and later, grown men and women, who have sooner different views of a man or a womans place in the world around them, lots determined by their cultures grammatical gender stereotypes. These topics will be explained and compared to each other later on. How to implement a gender free childcare environment will also be discussed. Children begin to accept their gender roles at a very young age. Boys must learn what boys and men do, what they like, and even how they think and feel. Females do likewise as they learn the roles for girls and women. This is called gender stereotyping. When children be already aware of differences between what men and women wear and do, then children are deeply involved in this search for these rules, and later on can often apply gender-specific labels to toys, activities, types of work around the home, and even adult occupations. This how the children, since they were born, step-by-step came to learn their gender roles. We see gender roles and the results of gender stereotyping around us every sidereal day in the society. In our homes, there are often certain tasks that are usually carried out by a man - cutting the lawn, for example, or jam a broken washing machine - and others, like the bulk of the cooking and the washing up - that often are almost always done by the woman. The stories we watch on TV and in the movies often follow exactly the divisions of sexual roles that so many cultur... ...cussing adults, I would show the children pictures of female doctors and male nurses and fix other ways to show that almost all occupations are now open to both of the sexes. Children learn from their play about what the w orld is, or should be. They learn new skills and about new possibilities. I would not be disappointed if the boys still liked their toys more in the end and the girls sometimes preferred housekeep to the monkey bars. The important thing is to provide openness and diversity of choices. There are biological sexual differences between men and women, of course, but gender roles are often imposed on children by the culture around them. As an ECE educator I believe that I need to promote un-biased play activities and give instruction children in an open and diverse environment so that each child can discover on their own who she is and what he wants to be.

Gender Roles in Society Essay -- Gender Studies

Gender Roles in Society Gender role is a commonly discussed subject in society. Gender role simply defined is a persons inner sense of how a male or female should feel and behave. Society and culture ar also very important in congenator to this subject. This means different societies and cultures may produce minorren and later, grown custody and women, who have quite different views of a man or a womans place in the world around them, often determined by their cultures gender stereotypes. These topics will be explained and compared to each other later on. How to implement a gender unaffixed childcare environment will also be discussed. Children begin to instruct their gender roles at a very young age. Boys must learn what boys and men do, what they like, and even how they think and feel. Females do likewise as they learn the roles for girls and women. This is called gender stereotyping. When children seem already aware of differences between what men and women wear and do, t hen children are deeply involved in this search for these rules, and later on can often apply gender-specific labels to toys, activities, types of work around the home, and even adult occupations. This how the children, since they were born, step-by-step came to learn their gender roles. We see gender roles and the results of gender stereotyping around us every day in the society. In our homes, there are often certain tasks that are usually carried out by a man - cutting the lawn, for example, or fixing a broken washing machine - and others, like the bulk of the grooming and the washing up - that often are almost always done by the woman. The stories we watch on TV and in the movies often follow only the divisions of sexual roles that so many cultur... ...cussing adults, I would show the children pictures of female doctors and male nurses and find other ways to show that almost all occupations are outright open to both of the sexes. Children learn from their play about what the world is, or should be. They learn new skills and about new possibilities. I would not be defeated if the boys still liked their toys more in the end and the girls sometimes preferred housekeeping to the monkey bars. The important thing is to provide openness and diversity of choices. in that respect are biological sexual differences between men and women, of course, but gender roles are often imposed on children by the culture around them. As an ECE educator I believe that I need to promote un-biased play activities and teach children in an open and diverse environment so that each child can discover on their own who she is and what he wants to be.

Malcolm X Essay

Comparing the vocabularies of Idiot Nation and Learning to Read, I came kayoed with the emergence that, Moores had used relatively critical words and vigorous words to write the passage. The way he narrated was rather extreme, he used words such as idiots and stupidity to insult the educational system in U. S. A. His tone was rather extreme and furious. He had even bolded some of the words in order to overstate his tone. In the other hand, Malcolm had used his own experience as the root of writing. The passage is to me much persuasive, since he had his own perspective and angles.Although the way Moores wrote could create a more remarkable impression, Learning to Read is more appealing to me since it doesnt seem to strong and extreme. CORE QUESTIONS 4. Malcolms self-education in the prison assist his later achievement on the society such as became a disciple of Elijah Muhammad and finding the Nation of Islam. The knowledge he had gained urged him to fight for right of the bleak. 5. B Bimbi was an inmate of Malcolm in the prison. He was always able to take over conversation. Malcolm was always envy of Bimbis stock of knowledge.Bimbi inspired Malcolm to read a dance orchestra of books in the prison in order to gain more knowledge. He said Malcolm should take advantage of the library in the prison and the time in the prison. At that point, Malcolm found out that he should improve his English by reading more books, so he started copying the dictionary. Bimbi had broadened the horizon of Malcolms. With his encouragement, Malcolm started to educate himself. Bimbi was a person whom Malcolm showed a lot of respect. Malcolm showed his debut credit to Elijah Muhmmad, the leader of Nation of Oslam Malcolm (NOI) was a devoted disciple of Elijah Muhmmad.He assigned Malcolm as a look and national spokesman for the NOI. He taught Malcolm a lot of political techniques and provided him a lot of chances to increase his authority. Without Elijahs elevation, Malcolm could n ot be able to mother such a big achievement on fighting for the rights of Africans. Although the relationship between them later broke down, Elijah still had a great influence on Malcolm, and was respected by Malcolm. 6. After doing handful researches on canful Kemble, Nat Turner, John Brown, Mahatma Gandhi and Frederick Olmsted, I pack found a common fact of them.They are every(prenominal) fighting for rights. For Fanny Kemble, Nat Turner, John Brown and Mahatma Gandhi, the ultimate aim of them is most likely the aforementioned(prenominal) with Malcolms, which was slave revolt, they are all fighting for the rights of slaves. They insisted that, black race should have to same right as the white race. The white race should not have dominated the accounting. Fanny Kemble, John Brown and Frederick Olmsted were from the white races, which could even be more controversial, since even the white people started to oppose the unfair treatments the slaves received.These peoples actions had influenced Malcolm. 7. One of the supposals Malcolm had made was that, before the Negroes wanted to gain civil rights from the United Nation, they would have to first gain their basic gentleman rights. (mentioned on P. 218). To certain extent, I agree with his assumption. According to some research I have found from the authoritative website of United Nations1(please refer to the reference on page 4), the United Nations was established in 1947. Since then, they have been discussing problems regarding human rights.From an denomination I have read, it had mentioned about all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. This was the ultimate aim of the organization. So the establishment of United Nation was a leap of gaining human rights for the Africans. However, African American was a missing element. However, the establishment of United Nation did not support a permanent right for the African. Regarding a news2(refer to the referen ce on page 4) in 2010, the equality of Africans was still a controversial problem, and had not been tackled.So what I could say is that, I am not sure whether the assumption Malcolm had made was right or not. 8. After reading the passage of Malcolm, I think he has discontent feelings towards the white men. Although his passage was titles learning to read, he had only spent a few paragraphs describing the progress of his learning, nevertheless almost half of the passage using historical examples to criticize the white men of using their power brainwashing the people. He thought the white men had taken away the human right of the black men.However, I think it was understandable for him to have these kinds of thoughts, since he had received a several unfair treatments from the white people when he was younger, so the white people gave him a bad impression initially. As he represented the NOI (Nation of Islam), he had to criticize the white people, in order to persuade and gain support s from the black races who were under a very bad condition. 9. I think in certain extent its possible to empower the students in the way Malcolm Xs self-education. Firstly, the situation of Malcolm is a very out of date case.He was in prison for 7 years. That is probably the reason he can self- educate. He had so much time in the prison, no come-on and without connecting the world. He had much time copying words from the dictionary, while the students in the modern world had to face different kind of problems in casual life, they would not have time copying the dictionary every day. However, I think the students could use part of Malcolms method to educate themselves by squeezing out a little time and memorizing some of the vocabularies every day, but not using the method as extreme as Malcolms. 10.I think the boilers suit message of the passage was not solely bringing out the effectiveness of reading books instead Malcolm wanted also to bring out the problem of black races being suppressed by the white men. In the passage, Malcolm had pointed out the history was being whitening, which means the history was written by the white men. The examples he had raised up were all against the white races. That was the point I realized his passage was not purely like the topic Learning to read. block QUESTION 11. The book Happiness has inspired me the most. This book taught me the right attitude I should have towards life.It gave me so much positive energy. People used to be so happy and care-free when we were younger, however, when people were growing up, they started to have many unnecessary worries. This book urged me to reflect myself, and give me more motivation and wisdom to treat daily life problems. Learning to read gave me a brand new perspective. I am not person with critical thinking. When I was younger, I have examine the history of Europe, and I used to believe most of them. This passage reminded me that the history were all written by the white races, which means they could actually create history in the way which benefited them.I used to think history are what people in the past have written and could not be doubt, since no one could go back to the past and prove what had really happened. Nevertheless, now I think history could have a possibility of fakeness, and could not be completely believed. 12. Malcolm X to me was a very tough and smart person. I admired his attitude in the prison. Most of the people would have blamed themselves of acquire in the jail and might have given their hopes after they went to the jail, however, Malcolm educated himself in the jail, even harder than the normal people.This kind of faith and spirit is very meritorious. He later even made great achievement on fighting for the right of the black race. However, when reading his passage, I could not completely agree his perspective, on that point might be biases. Since he himself is from the black race, and was the leader of the Nation of Islam, his w ords could be bias to the black race. He kept on criticizing the white men, which he had a quite extreme point of view, it was probably because some unfair treatments he had received in the past.So when reading his passage, I have to devolve how meritorious the author was, and analysis carefully the information I received. Reference for Question 7 1United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) http//www. blackpast. org/? q=united-nations-universal-declaration-human-rights-1948 The United Nations, http//www. un. org/en/documents/udhr/ 2An article regarding concern on Civil rights of African http//www. aclu. org/human-rights/un-report-highlights-need-us-civil-and-human-rights-commission

Recording, analysing and using HR information Essay

Recording, analysing and using HR information GFM needs to collect and record entropy for legal and internal reasons. Legally we need to batten that we ar complying with the Working Time Regulations and pay rates for the Minimum Wage Act 1998 and tax and national insurance obligations, we also need to be infirmity with the data protection and freedom of information act. We need to ensure that employees know why we are holding this information and how we secure it. Internally we use the information to send reports to managers on absence, performance, salary, leavers and joiners, recruitment and health and safety. We also use this information to help us communicate any necessary information regarding themselves or order policies to individuals. The following data is collected from an employee either prior to their commencement of employment or the day that they start with us CV / Application form newfangled employee form, on this form it asks for personal information i.e. name, do b, contact numbers, talk, marital status, national insurance number, next of kin details, money box details (sort code, ac amount number and bank address) P45 or P46Health and safety questionnairesEqual opportunities dataValid UK passport or full birth certificateSigned contractThe reason the above information is collected is to support the HR function in the following ways Legal / Compliance with WTR, MWA, DPA and FOICommunication To keep in touch with employees, address for written communication, phone numbers for verbal communication and next of kin details in case of emergency. We need to inform employees of any contract changes and policy and procedure changesPayroll to ensure that we have the correct details on file so we can pay staff for the hours that they have worked in melodic line with the Minimum Wage Act 1998 and tax and national insurance obligations Data capture to produce accurate reporting on absence, recruitment, equal opportunities and health and safety, findings are presented to line managers for effective managementof their teams This information we hold is stored on our secure HR electronic system and manually in a locked filing cabinet. property this information electronically means that the information relating to any employee or former employee can be accessed quicker and the management of employee documents is easier. Another benefit of this is accuracy, easy to see for items contained within some ones file and less chance of someone elses details being stored in another personnel file.It also requires less physiologic storage space, so if you are a company with limited storage space then this is a very effective solution. A benefit to having manually locked filing cabinets would be that it is less expensive to set up , if the computer systems were to fail you would still have access to all employee records and information, there would also be less risk of corrupted files and or loss of data should the electronic system fa il. At all times any personnel or data capture information relating to an employee or organisation must be compliant with the Data Protection and Freedom of Information Act.The Data Protection Act gives individuals the function to know what information is held about them, and provides a framework to ensure that personal information is held correctly. To HR this means that information must be held securely, protected and that hardly relevant information relating to that employee is held on their file. The Freedom of Information Act is the request for public records relating to something specific. In HR if we were asked to release information, specifically related to our head count or equality information we would be obliged to make this information available to the public.

Context of Indigenous health Essay

Historical context and cordial determinants of indigenous health There is a unfastened relationship between the social disadvantages experienced by original mountain and their current health status 1. These social disadvantages, organisely related to dispossession and characterised by poverty and powerlessness, argon reflected in measures of education, employment, and income. Before presenting the key indicators of Indigenous health status, it is important, then, to provide a brief summary of the context indoors which these indicators should be considered.The diachronic context of Indigenous health Indigenous commonwealths gener totallyy enjoyed better health in 1788 than most concourse living in Europe 23456. They did not endorse from smallpox, measles, influenza, tuberculosis, scarlet fever, venereal syph and gonorrhoea, diseases that were common in 18th century Europe. Indigenous citizenry probably suffered from hepatitis B, some bacterial infections (including a non- venereal form of syphilis and yaws) and some intestinal parasites.Trauma is likely to have been a major cause of death, and anaemia, arthritis, layoverontal disease, and tooth attrition are known to have occurred. The impact of these diseases at a universe level was relatively small compared with the effects of the diseases that affected 18th century Europe. All of this changed after 1788 with the arrival of introduced illness, initially smallpox and sexually transmissible infections (gonorrhoea and venereal syphilis), and later tuberculosis, influenza, measles, scarlet fever, and whooping cough 3478.These diseases, particularly smallpox, caused considerable loss of life among Indigenous populations, but the impacts were not restricted to the immediate victims. The pestilent also affected the fabric of Indigenous societies through depopulation and social disruption. The impact of introduced diseases was almost certainly the major cause of death for Indigenous quite a little, but direct conflict and occupation of Indigenous homelands also contributed substantially to Indigenous mortality 7910.The initial responses of Indigenous slew to the arrival of the First Fleet were apparently kind of peaceful. It didnt take long, however, before conflict started to occur initially over access to fish stocks and then over access to other resources as non-Indigenous people started to plant crops and introduce livestock. This pattern of conflict was almost certainly widespread as non-Indigenous people spread across the country. Conflict escalated in many places, in some instances resulting in overt massacres of Indigenous people.The 1838 massacre at Myall Creek (near Inverell, NSW) is the most infamous 11, but less well-known massacres occurred across Australia 10. As Bruce old notes, as painful and shameful as they are, the massacres should be as much a part of Australian history as the First Fleet, the explorers, the bills rushes and the bushrangers (10, p. vi). Pr ior to 1788, Indigenous people were able to define their own sense of being through control over all aspects of their lives, including ceremonies, spiritual practices, medicine, social relationships, commission of land, law, and economic activities 121314.In addition to the impacts of introduced diseases and conflict, the spread of non-Indigenous peoples undermined the ability of Indigenous people to lead healthy lives by devaluing their culture, destroying their traditional food base, separating families, and dispossessing whole communities 347. This loss of impropriety undermined social vitality, which, in turn, affected the capacity to meet challenges, including health challenges a cycle of dispossession, demoralisation, and poor health was established.These impacts on Indigenous populations eventually forced colonial authorities to try to protect remaining Indigenous peoples. This pressure led to the establishment of ancient protection boards, the first established in Vic by the aboriginal Protection Act of 1869 15. A similar Act established the NSW Aborigines Protection Board in 1883, with the other colonies also enacting legislation to protect Indigenous populations within their boundaries. The protection provided under the provisions of the various Acts imposed enormous restrictions on the lives of many Indigenous people.These restrictions meant that, as late as 1961, in easterly Australia nearly one-third of all Australians recorded as being of Aboriginal descent lived in settlements (16, p. 4). The provisions of the Acts were also used to justify the forced separation of Indigenous children from their families by compulsion, duress or undue influence (15, p. 2). The National Inquiry into the separation of the children concluded that between one-in-three and one-in-ten Indigenous children were forcibly removed from their families and communities in the period from approximately 1910 until 1970 (15, p. 31).It was the 1960s, at the earliest, when t he various protection Acts were either repealed or became inoperative. The importance of contemporary social determinants and cultural concepts of Indigenous health The health disadvantages experienced by Indigenous people can be considered historical in origin 14, but perpetuation of the disadvantages owes much to contemporary structural and social factors, embodied in what have been termed the social determinants of health 11718.In broad terms, economic opportunity, physical infrastructure, and social conditions influence the health of individuals, communities, and societies as a whole. These factors are specifically bear witness in measures such as education, employment, income, housing, access to services, social networks, connection with land, racism, and incarceration. On all these measures, Indigenous people suffer substantial disadvantage. For many Indigenous people, the ongoing effects of protection and the forced separation of children from their families compound other social disadvantages.It is also important in considering Indigenous health to understand how Indigenous people themselves conceptualise health. There was no separate term in Indigenous languages for health as it is understood in western auberge 19. The traditional Indigenous perspective of health is holistic. It encompasses everything important in a persons life, including land, environment, physical body, community, relationships, and law. Health is the social, emotional, and cultural wellbeing of the whole community and the concept is therefore linked to the sense of being Indigenous.This conceptualisation of health has much in common with the social determinants model and has crucial implications for the simple application of biomedically-derived concepts as a means of improving Indigenous health. The reductionist, biomedical approach is undoubtedly useful in identifying and reducing disease in individuals, but its limitations in addressing population-wide health disadvantages, such as those experienced by Indigenous people, must be recognised. Indicators of Indigenous social disadvantage.The key measures in these areas for Indigenous people guinea pigly include disciplineing concord to 2011 Australian census 20 92% of 5 class-old Indigenous children were attending an educational institution 1. 6% of the Indigenous population had not attended school compared with 0. 9% of the non-Indigenous population 29% of Indigenous people wrap uped family 10 as their highest year of school completion 25% had completed year 12, compared with 52% of non-Indigenous people 26% of Indigenous people reported having a post-school qualification, compared with 49% of non-Indigenous people 4.6% of Indigenous people had attained a bach degree or higher, compared with 20% of non-Indigenous people. An ABS school report 21 revealed, in 2011 the apparent retention rate for Indigenous students from year 7/8 to year 10 was 99%, from year 7/8 to year 12 it was 49% for non-Indige nous students, the apparent retention rate from year 7/8 to year 10 was 101% and from year 7/8 to year 12 it was 81%.The 2011 national report on schooling in Australia 22 showed 76% of Indigenous students in year 3 and 66% in year 5 were at or above the national negligible step for reading, compared with 95% and 93% severally of all Australian students 80% of year 3 Indigenous students and 69% of year 5 Indigenous students were at or above the national minimum standard for persuasive writing, compared with 96% of all year 3 students and 94% of all year 5 students 72% of year 3 Indigenous students and 69% of year 5.Indigenous students were at or above the national minimum standard for spelling, compared with 94% of all year 3 students and 93% of all year 5 students 71% of year 3 Indigenous students and 65% of year 5 Indigenous students were at or above the national minimum standard for grammar and punctuation, compared with 94% of all year 3 students and 94% of all year 5 students 84% of Indigenous students in year 3 and 75% in year 5 were at or above the national minimum standard for numeracy, compared with 96% and 96% respectively of all Australian students.Employment According to the 2011 Australian Census 20 42% of Indigenous people aged 15 years or older were employed and 17% were unemployed. In comparison, 61% of non-Indigenous people aged 15 years or older were employed and 5% were unemployed the most common occupation classification of employed Indigenous people was labourer (18%) followed by community and personal service workers (17%). The most common occupation classification of employed non-Indigenous people was professional (22%).Income According to the 2011 Australian Census 20 the mean equivalised gross household income for Indigenous persons was around $475 per week approximately 59% of that for non-Indigenous persons (around $800). Indigenous population Based on information collected as a part of the 2011 Census of Population and Housing, t he ABS has estimated the Aboriginal and Torres base on balls Islander population at 669,736 people at 30 June 2011 23. The estimated population for NSW was the highest (208,364 Indigenous people), followed by Qld (188,892), WA (88,277), and the NT (68,901) (Table 1). The NT has the highest proportion of Indigenous people among its population (29. 8%) and Vic the lowest (0. 9%).Table 1 Estimated Indigenous population, by jurisdiction, Australia, 30 June 2011 JurisdictionIndigenous population (number)Proportion of Australian Indigenous population (%)Proportion of jurisdiction population (%) Source ABS, 2012 23 Notes Preliminary estimates are subject to revision population projections are expected to be finalised by 2014 Australian population includes Jervis Bay Territory, the Cocos (Keeling).Islands, and Christmas Island Proportions of jurisdiction population have used total population figures estimated from demographic information for June 2011 NSW208,36431. 12. 9 Vic47,3277. 10. 9 Qld188,89228. 24. 2 WA88,27713. 23. 8 SA37,3925. 62. 3 Tas24,1553. 64. 7 ACT6,1670. 91. 7 NT68,90110. 329. 8.Australia669,736100. 03. 0 There was a 21% increase in the number of Indigenous people counted in the 2011 Census compared with the 2006 Census2 24. The largest increases were in the ACT (34%), Vic (26%), NSW (25%) and Qld (22%). For all jurisdictions, the 55 years and over age-group showed the largest relative increase. There are two structural reasons contributing to the growth of the Indigenous population the jolly higher fertility rates of Indigenous women compared with the rates of other Australian women (see Births and pregnancy outcome) and the significant numbers of Indigenous babies born to Indigenous fathers and non-Indigenous mothers. two other factors are considered likely to have contributed to the increase in people identifying as Indigenous changes in enumeration processes (i. e. more Indigenous people are being captured during the census process) and changes in identification (i. e. people who did not previously identify as Indigenous in the census have changed their response). Based on the 2011 Census, around 33% of Indigenous people lived in a capital city 25. Detailed information about the geographic distribution of the Indigenous population for 2011 is not yet available, but figures from the 2006 Census indicated that the majority of Indigenous people lived in cities and towns 26.Slightly more than one-half of the Indigenous population lived in areas assort as major cities or inner regional areas, compared with almost nine-tenths of the non-Indigenous population. (As well as these two classifications of remoteness in terms of access to goods and services and opportunities for social interaction, the Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) has four other categories outer regional, remote, very remote, and migratory 27. ) Almost one-quarter of Indigenous people lived in areas classified as remote or very remote in rel ation to having very little access to goods, services and opportunities for social interaction (28, p. 3). Less than 2% of non-Indigenous people lived in remote or very remote areas 26.In terms of specific geographical areas, more than one-half (53%) of all Indigenous people counted in the 2011 Census lived in nine of the 57 Indigenous regions (based largely on the former Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander rush (ATSIC) regions) 25. The three largest regions were in eastern Australia (Brisbane, NSW Central and the North Coast, and Sydney-Wollongong), which accounted for 29% of the total Indigenous population.According to the 2011 Census, around 90% of Indigenous people are Aboriginal, 6% are Torres Strait Islanders, and 4% people identified as being of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent 25. Around 63% of Torres Strait Islander people3 lived in Qld NSW was the only other state with a large number of Torres Strait Islander people. The Indigenous population is much y ounger boilersuit than the non-Indigenous population (Figure 1) 23.According to estimates from the 2011 Census, at June 2011 about 36% Indigenous people were aged less than 15 years, compared with 18% of non-Indigenous people. About 3. 4% of Indigenous people were aged 65 years or over, compared with 14% of non-Indigenous people.Figure 1. Population pyramid of Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations, 30 June 2011 Population pyramid of indigenous and non-indigenous populations, 2011 Source ABS, 2012 23 References Carson B, Dunbar T, Chenhall RD, Bailie R, eds. (2007) friendly determinants of Indigenous health. Crows Nest, NSW Allen and Unwin Jackson LR, Ward JE (1999) Aboriginal health why is reconciliation necessary?. Medical Journal of Australia 170(9) 437-440 Butlin NG (1993) Economics and the dreamtime a hypothetical history.Melbourne Cambridge University sign Campbell J (2002) Invisible invaders smallpox and other diseases in Aboriginal Australia 1780-1880. Melbourne Melbou rne University electronic jamming Webb S (2009) Palaeopathology of Aboriginal Australians health and disease across a hunter-gatherer continent. Cambridge Cambridge University Press Anderson W (2007).The colonial medicine of settler states comparing histories of Indigenous health. Health and History 9(2) 144-154 Butlin NG (1983) Our original aggression Aboriginal populations of southeastern Australia, 1788-1850. Sydney Allen & Unwin Thomson N (1991) tuberculosis among Aborigines. In Proust AJ, ed. History of tuberculosis in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea.capital of Australia, ACT Brolga Press 61-67 Reynolds H (1982) The other side of the frontier Aboriginal resistance to the European invasion of Australia. Ringwood, Victoria Penguin Books Elder B (2003) Blood on the wattle massacres and maltreatment of Aboriginal Australians since 1788. 3rd ed. Frenchs Forest, N. S. W New Holland Harrison B (1978)The Myall Creek massacre. In McBryde I, ed. Records of times past ethn ohistorical essays on the culture and ecology of the New England tribes. Canberra Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies 17-51 Howitt R (2001) Rethinking resource management justice, sustainability and Indigenous peoples. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge Hunter E (1993) Aboriginal health and history power and prejudice in remote Australia.Cambridge Cambridge University Press Saggers S, Gray D (1991) Aboriginal health and society the traditional and contemporary Aboriginal struggle for better health. North Sydney Allen and Unwin National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families (1997) Bringing them home report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families. Retrieved 17 November 2011 from http//www. humanrights. gov. au/pdf/social_justice/bringing_them_home_report. pdf Long JPM (1970) Aboriginal settlements a survey of institutional communities in ea stern Australia.Canberra Australian National University Press Marmot M (2004) The status syndrome how social standing affects our health and longevity. New York Holt Paperbacks Wilkinson R, Marmot M (2003) Social determinants of health the solid facts. Denmark terra firma Health Organization National Aboriginal Health Strategy Working Party (1989) A national Aboriginal health strategy. Canberra Department of Aboriginal Affairs Australian bureau of Statistics (2012) Census of population and housing characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2011. Canberra Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011) Schools, Australia, 2010.Canberra Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (2011) National Assessment Program Literacy and Numeracy achievement in reading, persuasive writing, language conventions and numeracy national report for 2011. Sydney Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporti ng Authority Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012)Australian demographic statistics, March quarter 2012. Canberra Australian Bureau of Statistics Yap M, Biddle N (2012) Indigenous fertility and family formation CAEPR Indigenous population project 2011 census papers. Canberra Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy look for Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) Census of population and housing counts of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2011. Canberra Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010) Population characteristics.

Why Was Vindolanda Built?

Vindolanda Vindolanda was one of a series of roman forts create in northern England (Northumberland) in the last quarter of the 1st degree Celsius AD. It became an auxiliary fort which as well as had a substantial element of civilian accommodation. The forts stretched from east to west, and are considered to have been a consolidation of the frontier of the Roman Empire. The Romans lodge ind southerly Britain in AD43, and slowly moved north. At one point, they had hoped to conquer all of Britain, but never succeeded. Roman armies had advanced far into Scotland in the 70s AD.But either by choice or necessity, they abandoned these gains and formed a frontier stretching roughly from modern Newcastle in the east to modern Carlisle in the west. The forts, together with the east-west highroad now known as the Stanegate connecting them, formed this frontier for 40 years. Then Hadrians Wall was built just to the north, and the Stanegate forts either went out of use or changed their purpo se. Vindolanda remained in use, though the ultimate purpose of its garrison (whether support for the Wall forts or protection in an unruly hinterland) isnt fully understood.Vindolanda is permanently under investigation by archaeologists and it is estimated that there is sufficient work, for them for the attached 150 years to complete the sites excavation. This Roman Auxiliary Fort guarded the Stanegate Road, which ran from the River Tyne, this would also have make it important in providing supplies to wall forts, maintaining a safe supply chain, as well as reinforcements either way if needed. Other smaller forts and matching camps would have been every age march, about 13 miles along the road. Roman soldiers needed to march from one part of the country to another quickly.So the Romans built roads. Roman roads were made from tilts, and were break than muddy tracks for travel on foot or in carts. So they made travelling around Britain easier for everyone. You can still depend the remains of well-nigh Roman roads today. All the roads they built were remarkably straight. The Romans knew that the shortest distance from one place to another is a straight line, but their roads did zigzag sometimes, to make going uphill easier. The road sloped from the middle to ditches either side, so rain water drained off.Romans made these roads were wide luxuriant for two armies to go past without having to stop and to waste time. The Stanegate was the road closest to the fort Vindolanda. The Romans would always build a fort near a road, which made it easier for transport. The road was very useful it was used for trading with the other tribes. In 54 BC Caesar had captured a hill-fort. Then, again, he went away. He did not think Britain was worth a long war, and he wanted to get corroborate to Rome. Nearly a hundred years later, in AD 43, the Romans turn overed. Claudius sent an army to absorb Britain. The army had four legions.This time the Romans conquered the southern half of Britain, and made it part of the Roman Empire. One of the main reasons why the Romans wanted to invade was the Britains wealth and the goods they owned andhe wanted to make Britain part of Romesempire. The Picts and Brigantes are two of the oldest pre-roman inhabitants of Great Britain. Both inhabited and battled the Romans and each other for the lands of blue England and Scotland. The picts were really rich and Romans wanted to take an advantage and take over. They invaded the south of Britain and they used the picts to trade with the Brigantes.The picts were the people from Caledonia (modern day Scotland). Some picts made friends with the Romans in return for keeping their land. The picts agreed to obey the Roman laws, pat the Roman taxes and to behave. The tribe agreed to give their land to the Romans unlike the Brigantes. Another tribe apart from the picts were the Brigantes which were a divided group from the Northern England. Most of these would not like each other d ue to any reason and had hatred against the Romans. The Brigantes fought, and eventually the Romans fell back to the more defensible Hadrians Wall.When the Roman Emperor Hadrian visited Britain in 122 AD he recognised the difficulties in establishing control in Caledonia and saw that it would be impossible to put in the Picts to the Roman way of life. The Emperor therefore ordered the construction of a great defensive wall which would mark the northern limits of his empire and consolidate the have on those parts of Britain already subdued. Hadrians empire would not include Caledonia. The Romans also had to defend Hadrians Wall, against attacks by Picts and other tribes these people lived in northern Britain, outside the Roman part.Soldiers sent to defend the wall lived in forts and camps. Vindolanda was a very well planned fort that was constructed on a flat hill at Northumberland at approximately 122AD. The fort itself was a playing-card shape which allowed the soldiers to see ro und the corner. The main site is on the top of a hill with much able to be viewed, plus a full size reproduction of a section of wall. It was one of the most important forts in Northern England, because it was continuously getting repaired and rebuilt. Vindolanda was built first in timber and earth it was later built in stone.Archaeologists believe that there are the remains of ten forts in all. Buildings found so far include the fort walls, bath houses, granaries, officers, accommodation, barracks, a temple, and civilian housing, all served by paved roads. The fort had a hypocaust system visible under the stone floor to allow flow of air to keep food or metal items dry, preventing rotting or rust. The fort has four gateways north, east, south, west. The main part of the fort was the head quarters building which was always located at the centre of the fort.The building would always arrest a well, and a strong room which would contain the valuables of the Roman soldiers. This was ve ry important to a soldier and if they lost anything this meant that theyd lost their ago. The headquarters would also contain the weapons and equipment they would need. The mansio was an accommodation place for travellers from other armies, tribes and also for traders. The bathhouses were always outside the forts because they were a fire risk and it also made it easier for the civilians to use the bath as well as the soldiers.Another reason of the construction of Vindolanda was the geographic location, it was based on a flat hill which makes it very hard to attack and very easy to defend, because it is on a steep hill which makes the Romans see very easily over miles. The Romans used a very basic way to communicate during battles. They used a flag system which based a soldier miles away on a mountain and used green for safety and red for attack. This was very useful the Romans were pre-warned if they were being attacked.The remains of a extended roman bath house are south of the fo rt, and next to the fort is the remains of a civilian settlement (or vicus). A civilian settlement was next to the fort and these continued to be in use until the end of the Roman period around 410AD. The settlement was used for retired soldiers local traders, smiths, tavern keepers, etc. desire both the protection and trade a fort could offer. Much of the civilian settlement has still not been uncovered, but its existence is apparent due to the variance and irregularity of the bumps and ridges in the ground.There was also the Tyne River by the fort which supplied the soldiers in the fort with clean water to use. They would throw the sewage out into the river. Vindolanda was one of the many forts in England, and it is the most common for wooden tablets discoveries. The tablets provide the best insight into life in the Roman army found anywhere in the world. There is a list of how many troops were present, the commanding officers cooks diary, listing who he had to dinner and what t hey ate, and even a birthday greeting, with the commanders wife inviting the wife of another commander to her birthday party.

America’s Compulsory education Essay

This webp mount up give a brief history of the roots of Americas Compulsory education starting in Massachusetts in 1852. This attendance law pick stunnedd all clawren to attend public instill. The review of education across the country in contemporaneity is depositd as such on the website that every state in the US ingests school aged children (children of the age of 6) to attend or be enrolled in public or private school or to be home schooled.Although in most states the age of a school going child is controversial, as well as the age at which they whitethorn quit school (by either graduating at the age of 17 or 18, or by winning their GED), the website also offers that keeping a child in school ( game school) may become a financial burden to the district as principles and teachers may fleet more of their time handing out disciplinary reactions to the disruptive scholar instead of teaching. The website further states that truancy and school attendance varies from state t o state. Appropriation modulation 1Today, every state and rule requires children to enroll in public or private education or to be home-schooled. More than half32 statesrequire students to begin their education by age 6. Some states set their age requirements as low as age 5 and as high as age 8. All children be required to continue their education into their high school years, with 26 states setting the cutoff age at 16. The remaining states require students to stay in school through age 17 or 18 (The National Conference for State Legislatures, 2007). searing explanation on Passage 1The above statement suggests that the overall attendance of school-aged children is dictated by the state, not by the federal government. Thus, it is the states responsibility to ensure that children are gaining proper education. The age range for a student to stop attending school is set at 16, but the website does nurture at what age the GED mountain be taken, or mentioning at what age home scho oled children may gain their degree and go to college. Passage 2 States and territories also set a stripped-down age for children to enroll in kindergarten, which is typically one or two years earlier than the compulsory education age.Every state or territory with a policy on this issue has established age 5 as the minimum age (The National Conference for State Legislatures, 2007). Critical scuttlebutt on Passage 2 The website seems to have conflicting ideas about what age a child should begin school. One passage states that age five is the age to begin while another passage states that age 6 is the age to begin. With this change in age it seems that the older the child begins school, by the time the child reaches high school and is able to quit then the less education they would be exposed to. Passage 3Some experts assert that age may be an arbitrary indicator or measure of a childs ability to succeed in school and should not be employ at all. Others get out that when a state c onsiders legislation, such as Nebraska, allowing younger children to enter kindergarten, policymakers must study that there is likely to be a large increase in the number of children entering kindergarten during the first year of the new policy, thereby straining already tight school district budgets and change magnitude the need for teachers (The National Conference for State Legislatures, 2007).Critical Commentary on Passage 3 This passage mentions something that has been seen prior in the paper that is the use of school resources to keep children in school who would desire otherwise (such as children who want to join the workforce, students who are ready for college and do not need to attend high school). It seems that according to this website, school districts across America not just isolated to one state are having a great difficulty in decision funding and teachers, because of this lack of funding are being pressure to attend to class sizes that are too large for one teach er to handle.The website does not mention specific numbers by which the teachers must teach, but statistics show that one teacher typically has thirty plus students per class. This should be and needs to be mentioned on the website in order for an accurate portrayal of public schools and Compulsory Education to be properly examined. ANNOTATION 2 Source Information Illich, Ivan. Deschooling Society. 16 folk 2007. Evaluation Paragraph The webpage offers an examination of the social and governmental agencies present in the United States ranging from Social Welfare, to schools.The condition offers to the reader this twisted view of universe that has been forced into the conception of a student being schooled when in fact theyre being taught merely to pass a grade and not necessarily training anything of use. Appropriation Passage 1 In these essays, I will show that the institutionalization of values leads inevitably to physical pollution, social polarization, and psychological impo tence three dimensions in a process of global degradation and modernized misery (Illich 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage 1The above statement gives the reader the point of view of the author and does not at this beginning part of the essay go into detail about facts. Although the webpage is primarily opinion, it should be balanced quite out of necessity with facts to back up the authors point of view. The site does however offer intriguing commentary on school reform. Passage 2 I want to raise the general question of the mutual definition of mans nature and the nature of modern institutions which characterizes our world view and language.To do so, I have chosen the school as my paradigm, and I therefore deal only indirectly with other bureaucratic agencies of the corporate state the consumer-family, the party, the army, the church, the media (Illich 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage 2 In this passage again the reader sees the opinion of the author. The author does give the reader a chance to understand his topic in appropriation with his underlying theory.The fact that the author states that schools are becoming ill-directed and matches this institute with other institutes such as hospitals and police is an avenue of state and government issues that must also be focused on in the essay. Passage 3 Not only education but social reality itself has become schooled. It costs roughly the same to school both rich and poor in the same dependency. The yearly expenditure per pupil in the slums and in the rich suburbs of any one of twenty U. S.cities lies in the same range-and sometimes is favorable to the poor (Illich 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage 3 The author expounds upon his primary thesis statement of the reform of the school. In this statement however the reader can witness some facts about how the school should be reformed. along this avenue the author continues to state that there should not be segregation in the education system and presents the dichotomy between rich and poor in education. ANNOTATION 3 Source Information Goodman, Paul.Two Simple Proposals. 16 September 2007. http//www. factoryschool. org/rhood/goodman/twosimple. html Evaluation Paragraph The website offers a brief analysis of higher education in regards to lack of funding for liberal arts in a society where technology is the fast growing commodity. Appropriation Passage 1 Our educational reality can be seen in operation in the present kind of scheduling, testing, and grading and if Dean Barzun is interested in making a change, he can start right here (Goodman 2007).Critical Commentary on Passage 1 The above statement gives the reader a sense that the student body is becoming overwhelmingly concerned with their own education. This ranges from preliminary schooling to higher education. Thus, this website is in agreement with Illichs ideas of how generalized testing does not take away learning, only route memorization. Passage 2 There is little attention t o individual pace, rhythm, or choice, and none whatever to the discovery of identity or obedience to intellectual goals.The aptitude and achievement testing and the fierce competition for high grades are a race up the ladder to high-salaried jobs in the line of productses of the world, including the schooling business (Goodman 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage 2 The author is revealing to the readers that the school system, although there is a no child left behind law, is in fact guilty of setting an exact pace in the classroom when the diversity of learners in the classroom would call for a specialized schedule. It is common experience that every person learns at their own pace and differently than another student.The state needs to find a measure whereby classroom grades are noncurrent criteria for educating students. Passage 3 The purpose of this proposal is twofold to get students with enough life-experience to be educable on the college level, especially in the social s ciences and humanities and to break the lockstep of xii years of doing assigned lessons for grades, so that the student may approach his college studies with some intrinsic motivation, and therefore perhaps assimilate something that might change him (Goodman 2007).Critical Commentary on Passage 3 The emphasis on education being a system of grades is further emphasized in this passage. As such, the reader retains the fellowship that although the social structure of education seems to be working across the board there are areas in which students are not getting enough intimacy or at least not a balanced incorporation of knowledge and hands-on experience.Work Cited Goodman, Paul. Two Simple Proposals. 16 September 2007. http//www. factoryschool. org/rhood/goodman/twosimple. html Illich, Ivan. Deschooling Society. 16 September 2007. The National Conference for State Legislatures The Forum for Americas Ideas. 2007. 16 September 2007.

School start times and its effects on Students

If you were tired and were re whollyy un-alert, how would you execute at your occupation? Not re every(prenominal)y good, how do instructors, p bent and rules expect us, the pupils, to execute at the tallest class we can without acquiring the slumber needed to make that? I believe tutor should corroborate down later in the forenoon, because surveies order that pupils shake up been more watchful. If pupils are more alert they are more presum qualified to make good in there academic surveies.The people who are for get bolt down school subsequently in the forenoon are pupils, parents and nigh principals. These people are for this, because in the surveies that have been conducted pupils have gotten amend classs and there has been little learner related auto wrecks. There are informations that demonstrate that deficiency of slumber has negative effects for teens, and some informations show that younger drivers are more likely to hold accidents when they have unequal slumber Verona, 1 ) .Although these are good grounds to be for this, there are some people that do differ, including some principals, who theorise it wont work, and parents who study it go away cut into there work clip to take pupils to school, and the pupils who think it lead impact extracurricular activities. Some principals think that if they start school subsequently that they will be pampering the adolescents, and it will non school will non learn adolescents good wonts. Besides some parents think that it s non the schools mistake, besides the adolescents, they say adolescents stay up to a fault late, and besides they say that the teens do nt give themselves plenty to kip. Some parents say that if the schools start subsequently, the teens wo nt hold whatever clip to make what they need to acquire done after they get out of school. The experts say that schools get downing later may be tomfoolery them a little excessively much. If you think this, here are some grounds that might carry you to exchange sides.With the earlier start times pupils have been less(prenominal) down, non merely did the instructors say this, but the foremans of the pupils who had after school occupations had say that the pupil is less down and is working harder to make better in his occupation. compensate if the classs did nt travel up, the attempt is at that place. Edina and Minneapolis, two schools that have made the alteration to get down subsequently, there after school patterns may hold been shorter, but these two schools have competed the same, if non better, than they have in the past old ages.Some schools are taking action into doing excess curricular activities work. There have been studies of schools cut down all of the categories and alternatively of to two yearss that are spread out its one large long twenty-four hours so that the agenda would work. The mean adolescent needfully up to nine hours of slumber or even more on a given dark to work decently the following fo renoon. Kayla Wahlstrom has done surveies with all kinds of different schools. Students have reported less depression when there was a ulterior start clip instructors reported that pupils were more watchful and ready for the school twenty-four hours ( Wahlstrom, 1 ) . Wahlstrom besides found that there were less bead outs when schools started after 800 a.m.20 % of pupils fall asleep in category everyday. Experts say that the start of simple school times and high school start times are switched. If the start times were based on the sleep rhythms of pupils, high school would get down subsequently and simple would get down earlier. Adolescents are at there deepest slumber two hours before they wake up. If something interrupts that current of slumber, say waking up for school, it can go forth teens sleep deprived, dazed and un-alert, down and will non desire to larn. A survey at St. Georges lavishly School says that since they have been get downing later, pupils have reported holdi ng better tempers towards instructors, arrived to category on clip, and has even eaten a better breakfast. If the pupils eat a better breakfast so Sleep want can impact temper, public presentation, attending, larning, behaviour and biological maps ( Sheldon, 2 ) . Sleeping is like eating, it is executing a biological map that is required ( Sheldon, 2 )Some pupils think this is an exceptionally good position, as you would conceive of. There was a survey done at Walter Johnson High School in Bethesda. Here was what a couple pupils had to state about get downing school in the ulterior hours of the forenoon. If I was able to acquire more slumber in the forenoon, I would be able to remain awake in all my afternoon categories ( Nazdin, 3 ) . Although some pupils think this is a really good thought, some do nt. There have been studies where pupils think this should nt go on, because they think it will interfere with the after school activities, such(prenominal) as, occupations athlet icss and jobs that need to be done at place.The National Sleep Foundation ( NSF ) did a random survey on pupils go toing Harrington High School. Here are the statistics of that survey. 78 % said that it was hard to acquire up in the forenoon. 16 % said they thought they got plenty sleep. 70 % said they thought their classs would better. 90 % thought that the faculty members of the whole school would better. Besides the pupils said they did non experience alert or prepared to take a trial in the forenoon. The pupils besides said that they think the ideal clip to take a trial is 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Most pupils are taking trial at 8 or 830 in the forenoon, this clip is when pupils need to be merely waking up, non taking trials. A survey showed that pupils who took trials in the afternoon have gotten better trial tonss than pupils who took trials in the early forenoon.You may non believe me but the statistics do nt lie. Every school that has been tested with get downing school subsequentl y, the classs have been better, attitudes happier, less drowsing and less childs falling asleep in category. If the schools do start later they will see dramatic alteration in the classs, attitudes and there will be less auto wrecks. All this information above supports this. In the province of Rhode Island, 201 schools have changed their start times and all have had additions in things I ve told you that they would increase in. I think the grounds truly is mounting that it s an project that s good deserving at least sing ( Owens, 4 ) . Schools need to get down get downing later in the forenoon if they want to get down holding better classs, fewer dropouts and less auto wrecks. Most pupils start at that place twenty-four hours at 730 in the forenoon. For at least 75 % of those pupils that is manner excessively early.Like a said before, adolescents need the lower limit of nine hours of slumber, and merely 22 % of pupils get that nine hours of slumber. The pupils that get the sum of slumber that is recommended for adolescents will be the 1 who get better classs feel better about themselves because they re acquiring better classs, and they will be less down. The pupils will be more up-beat and more watchful if they had non gotten adequate slumber. My point is schools need to get down get downing later in the forenoon. If they do nt, pupils will get dropping out and maintain acquiring bad classs. If we start subsequently, none of the bad things will come to the pupils if we would hold started subsequently in the forenoon. In decision, schools all around America need to get down subsequently, as you can see a batch of bad things can come to your pupils if we do nt get down categories subsequently, including bad classs, depression, and bead outs these are all grounds why schools need to get down subsequently.

Discuss the various perceptions of love in Shakespeare’s Romeo Essay

Discuss the various perceptions of love in Shakespe atomic number 18s Romeo & Juliet. Then choose two contrasting examples from scenes you see discussed and explain how you would confront them to come knocked out(p) these contrasts. William Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet in 1595. When it was written, Shakespeare was quite young, 31, already five years into his career. Queen Elizabeth I was on the throne at the time, and many of the characteristics of Elizabethan lifestyle are included within the play. In the Elizabethan times, it was not unusual for people to get married and have children young.In the play madam Capulet words, By my count, I was your mother much upon these years, to Juliet, who appears to be somewhat 12 years old. She is telling Juliet that she was already a mother at Juliets age, implying she should be getting ready to marry now. Women were to a fault not considered of much importance in those days. They were not as important as men, and just used for sex , which plays a big part in the topic of conversation between characters throughout the play. Women/girls also had to obey their fathers until they got married, and then obey their husbands when they did get married. It was a precise masculine dominant era.Romeo and Juliet is partly a comedy, tragedy and history. It is a tragedy obviously because of all the death in it. It is a comedy because of the irony and contrast the characters raise, and also because of the humour some characters standardised Mercutio and the Nurse bring into the play. It is a history as well because of the fact it was written a long time ago, and has historical contents in it. There is a great deal of love and warmth in this play, but not all the same. Different characters have contrary perceptions of love, and different passions. The play is also as much about hate as it is about love, which is a truly important element.Shakespeare puts emphasis on themes such as the relationship of love and hate and old and young. This is what I will be analysing in the essay. The play tells the story of Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet the children of two rival families living in Verona, who fall in love and get married without their families knowing. The hatred felt by their families leads to the death of five people. Two of who are Romeo and Juliet, the star-crossed lovers who die because they want to be together but cant be. It shows the young as they struggle to escape from the morass of hatred created by their elders.The ancient family feud makes Romeo and Juliets union regular(a) more significant as they some(prenominal) hate each others families, but manage to overcome it when they meet each other. This play represents line up love because it shows pure hatred turn into pure love. Romeo and Juliet went against everything they were brought up with and gave up their lives to be together. Romeo is a very passionate soulfulness when we first meet him, and his passion stays throughout the play. We do learn however, that Romeo is very impulsive, and acts on this impulsive streak very often, and it leads him to do some stupid things, which I will show further on in the essay.The first reference to love in the play is in the opening scene where we meet Sampson and Gregory (two Capulet servants). They are both very vulgar and crude characters and show this straight away when they are talk about the Montague women. In lines 17-20, Sampson says, Tis true, and therefore women being the weaker vessels are ever thrust to the wall. accordingly I will push Montagues men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall. This is where the punning becomes sexual. He is implying that he will assault the Montague maids against the wall.Later on in lines 27-28, he says, Ay, the heads of the maids, or their maidenheads- take it in what sense thou wilt. Here he is expression that he will either chop off the heads of the Montague maids, or enrapture them, depending on what he f eels like. Their behaviour shows that they do not actually think of love itself, and only think of sex. They view women as mere objects to serve their pleasure. They are not the only bawdy characters in the play to have this perception of women and love thought. In act two, scene one (lines 34-38) Mercutio is making fun of Romeos talk of love for Rosaline.He talks about a Medlar tree, and describes sex as a Medlar fruit. He is saying that Romeo really wishes Rosalie were a Medlar fruit, even though he says he loves her, all he really wants is sex. This is probably because this is all Mercutio sees love as. The Nurse is other one of these characters. She constantly talks about the physical side of marriage. To her, love is merely about sex and having babies. For Sampson, Gregory, Mercutio and the Nurse, love is something non-emotional, and they have obviously never undergo love like Romeo and Juliets.Love for Romeo and Juliet is very emotionally bonded, and they cannot live without each other. This however does not close there is no physical element to their relationship. Romeo and Juliet eagerly look forward to the physical side. This can be seen in act three, scene two, lines 1-30, where Juliet is looking forward to her wedding night, or her love-performing night. But even this is alter by their love into something of which Mercutio, the Nurse and the servants know nothing of. In act one, scene one, Romeos parents show parental love when they are concerned about him.The first evidence to show they care about Romeo is in lines 118-119, where Lady Montague says, Right glad I am he (Romeo) was not at this fray, heart and soul she was glad that Romeo was not involved in the fight that had just happened. In lines 133-144, Montague talks about Romeos worrying behaviour. He says that he is always crying, distances himself from everyone else, and shuts out light, making himself an artificial night. Montague is obviously worried about his sons behaviour, and ask s Benvolio if he could talk to Romeo because he does not understand him.This doesnt mean however, that he does not care how Romeo feels, but he evidently does. It just shows the contrast between young and old. The first time we meet Romeo, he seems very sad and down (in the exact state his father describes him to be in). he is sad because he is in love. For Romeo, being in love (at this stage in the play) is a very painful, negative thing, especially because here there is a situation of unrequited love. However, by studying Romeos language in this scene, I believe that he is not in love with Rosaline, but infact in love with the idea of love itself.The fact that he does not say Rosalines name once, but talks about being in love, shows that the she is irrelevant. Romeos doting over Rosaline is introduced to show the difference between love and infatuation. He talks about love as a painful situation to be in, as shown in lines 195-196, A madness most discreet, a strangulation gall, a nd a preserving sweet. This changes drastically though, when he meets Juliet. From the second he sees Juliet (in act one scene five) you can see he has changed. He suddenly speaks in a more positive tone, with more positive views on Juliet not just of love.O she doth teach the torches to burn bright. Romeo is referring to Juliet as an actual person, whereas before he was talking about being in love (supposedly with Rosaline), but never refers to her as a person. On meeting Juliet he experiences love at first megabucks. He goes on to say, For I neer saw true beauty till this night. This shows that he has forgotten about Rosaline already, almost like she never existed. Romeo constantly compares Juliet to a saint throughout the play, O then dear saint. He has made Juliet out to be the most important person (to him), in the matter of minutes.In their first meeting, Romeo and Juliet share a sonnet (lines 94-107). This immediately shows the connection of love and harmony that exists b etween them. In the sonnet, love as a religion seems to be the key subject, and Romeo talks about it so passionately. He refers to Juliet as a holy shrine, and his lips Two blushing pilgrims. By studying Romeos language here, and that of which he used when we first met him, you can see that his feelings have gone from being self-centred, self deceiving and essentially negative, to less self-centred, sure-enough(prenominal) and sincere passion, positively approached when he meets Juliet.The love between Romeo and Juliet is different from any other in the play, because both share the same view on love. It is so strong that they fought through everything to be together and when they werent they felt empty and sad. No one else in the play shows love for anything this deep. The words Romeo and Juliet use when dawdling with each other emphasise their love for one another. They use words to do with the body lips, hands, palms, religion pilgrims, saints, prayer, devotion and holy then the y put both ideas together, holy palmers kiss and saints lips. Romeo is trying to woo Juliet with romantic gestures.

Graduate Studies

. Graduate Study Challenges and Strategies for Personal conquest Christine Z. Liwag University of Phoenix Pursuing a higher education in any field of study arouse be very challenging to any person. It requires a lot of hard work, clock charge, support issues and organizational skills. It also takes a lot of courage and determination in drift for a person to be successful on obtaining a masters degree or even a doctors degree degree. Being able to manage while and stress level together with work and family guidance argon essential in successfully completing graduate inculcate.A masters degree student should pee-pee a full dedication and be able to balance the demand of work schedule and school schedule. Students who atomic number 18 married with kids should have a strong support system from the spouse and the children in order for the stress level of going to school and balancing family judgment of conviction and work be lessened. One of the some(prenominal) reasons on why I am pursuing a higher education in nursing is to be able to expand my knowledge in my profession and gain more l dupeing experiences so that I sight do more for my future patients.An new(prenominal) reason is to be able to take out a difference in the nursing industry. My short-term goal is to be able to sort out every sept that I bequeath take for my Masters degree and to have a full time job as an RN so that I can start having experience in the hospital. My colossal term goal is to become a professional and be good on what I do so that I can sh be my knowledge to patients, nurses and other member of the healthcare field. some other coarse term goal of mine is to become a nurse anesthetist and to work in a higher position.Some of the challenges that students like me often experiences are high stress level from work, family and school, lack of time management and the process of taking the classes online. The high demand of work schedule and the time that a student spends at work gives a student less time to drop the tasks that the graduate school requires. According to Wild, J. , (2008, pg 454), clipping is an important resource which has to be managed effectively whether it is at home, at work or study. Time, unlike other resources cannot be increased or replaced.Poor time management can lead to increased costs and mistakes and is a major cause of stress. The amount of stress level that I am receiving from my job at UCLA is a little bit high compared to the amount of stress that I get from graduate school. Another challenge for me is the process of taking all my classes online. In order for me to overcome these challenges, I need to be able to manage my time accordingly to reduce stress, organize my tasks starting from work to school and at home and become more confident and cheery in taking online classes.My strategies for time management are to create a work schedule and school schedule. I plan to create a calendar in which I can write down th e tasks for every hour of my work and school. Becoming comfortable taking online classes is also one of my goals. My strategy is to explore the website and know the functions of every tab, links, and to figure out how the classes are going to be held. For this one, I attended a new student orientation and it helped me explored the things that I will need to do once the classes starts. According to Ramos, J. (2011, pg 283), The traditional on-campus graduate learning classrooms have historically consisted of chance(a) face-to-face fundamental interactions with instructors and peers, class lectures and discussion groups. Learning, in the on-campus tradition, takes place at the physical site of an institution. Furthermore, face-to-face interaction with peers, faculty, and school administrators is part of the traditional on-campus graduate school experience. To achieve my short term goal, I will make sure that I always keep up with my academic workload and make sure that I completed ev ery task and learn all of them in order for me to pass every class.I am also applying to different RN jobs right now so that I can get the experience I need as a registered nurse. The steps that I needed to complete to achieve my long term goal is to first graduate from masters degree and earn more experiences working in the critical units of a hospital. Effective communication with other students and with the professors is one of the mark to a successful completion of graduate studies especially when doing it online. Maintaining personal communication to groups and always updating for each one other will lead to an effective team work and good academic standing.According to Burt, C. , Westrate A. , Brown, C. , Champion, F. , (2010, pg. 649), Engaging intime management, particularly planning behaviors, can also contribute positively to group performance. However, in that location are also some weakness and strengths in finding an effective communication. Some of those weaknesses are the time difference of every student in one online class. Another is the lack of time to log in to the student website to check messages and the time spend to respond on emails.To improve communication and to reduce the action when communicating, students should log in to the website regularly and check messages and emails in a timely manner. Overall, personal success in finishing graduate school is easy to obtain as long as the person is commit and passionate enough to make it work no matter how busy the person is. With enough time management and organizational skills, it will become easier and doable as students gets close to graduation. References Burt, C. , Westrate, A. , Brown, C. , & Champion, F. (2010). Development of the time management environment (TiME) scale.Journal of Managerial Psychology,25(6), 649-668. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from the EBSCOhost database. Ramos, J. (2011). A Comparison of Perceived Stress Levels and Coping Styles of Non-traditional Graduate Students in withdrawnness Learning versus On-campus Programs. Contemporary Educational Technology,2(4), 282-293. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from the EBSCOhost database. Wild, J. (2008). Tips for learning effective time management. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants,2(9), 454-455. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from the EBSCOhost database.

Business School Essay

Since I offshoot entered university, I have evolved from being convinced that an MBA was a necessary part of my future, to believing that MBAs made careers of victimizing some former(a) people, to realizing that an MBA truly pass on help me achieve my passion, which is helping people in my native China. I am now passionate Comment 1 virtually attending Wharton to challenge myself with powerful business lessons that testament help me put forward as a leaders Comment 2 . My alma mater offered an orientation design that offered Comment 3 new admits consultation on faculty member study, and more importantly,Comment 4 early career plan.I was excited to learn that the tests confirmed what I already hold back Comment 5 that I showed a strong ability in business. Starting that day, I pinpointed Comment 6 MBA as an ideal maitre dhotel degree to pursue following several years of solid work insure. With plans made, I embarked on the journey by opting to major in international finan ce, in addition to taking a broad spectrum of business-related electives including talk terms accounting, economics and banking.Although most of the teaching materials Comment 7 derived from the communist time while Comment 8 teachers still resorted to the stale methodology of indoctrination, I looked forward to every class that gave me new insights into how good business Comment 9 function. I missed a detect to have Comment 10 more interactive learning environment and to be able to challenge the lessons that we were taught, but the classes push solidified my plan to acquire a formal business degree.Originally my career plan was childly to excel at Comment 11 workplace, get an MBA, and then work as Comment 12 top strategy consultant earlier settling down as an executive at a corporation. I was happy with my career onward motion as an Information Technology consultant, but it was not always smooth. While my project at internationalistic Media Corporation, my second employer, w as in high gear, the 9. 11 tragedy reduced international travel to a standstill. (For details, beguile bring in essay No. 2. As if this were not enough, the ensuing fiber-optic scandal in which internationalist Media Fiber Optics Comment 13 was involved, worked perfectly as Comment 14 the last strawit forced our parent company to suspend its China-based procedure Comment 15 , including my project. That meant that I was unemployed. For the first time in my life I needed to assess my career plan. I had done nothing wrong, but the action of other Comment 16 affected me and Comment 17 put me out of job. Was this what MBAs did? Did they ruin other peoples jobs? Comment 18 For a time,Comment 19 I started to think that the business world was not where I would Comment 20 be. Over the next six months I got a much clearer picture of what I needinessed to do. Comment 21 I gained commence in the UN initiative (for details, please see essay No. 3) and I reflected upon the world at large. Wh at did I want to do, other than plan for my next promotion or consulting assignment? What did I want to be in twenty years? Consequently, this experience allowed me to contribute to society and to learn more about what I wanted. Comment 22 My work in Comment 23 the UN substantially changed my view of MBAs.This time, I started to perceive MBA Comment 24 from a new wobblefirst and foremost, MBAs Comment 25 must be societally responsible before they can aspire to reap captain achievements otherwise they are still doomed to failure however smart they are. Comment 26 This was again solidified by my acquaintance and mentorship, at the Comment 27 UN conference, with an investment banker turned philanthropist,Comment 28 also the founding chairman of the US-based Green Earth Institute. in that location were, and are, responsible people and organizations after all. I realized that I could be earn an MBA and make an tinge just like those peopleSix months on, I headed back to the corporate world, confidence recovered. National info Systems (NDS) seemed an ideal place to start my career anewI knew so the minute I axiom the receptionist for interview Comment 29 in lieu of charming girls Comment 30 , a disabled person handled the task. Later I acquire this deep-rooted culture resulted from NDSs strong advocacy of handicapped-hiring. As for me, I further extend it to hiring veterans in my department. Not only do I commit Comment 31 social obligations, but the department actually upbeat Comment 32 from their ultra reliability and diligence.In addition, I volunteered as the department representative for the office health and safeguard initiative. Mid 2004 allow for witness my departments consummation Comment 33 of a worldwide business chemise project, to which I have been contributing as a IT consultant and project co-leader. This is Comment 34 perfect opportunity to see my current work to completion and then embark on my new endeavor. Upon graduation, I would like to get hitched with a top-tier IT corporation and rotate in different functions in its leadership/executive development program at mid-management level.I see this ad Comment 35 being important for gaining the management experience that I will need for my true long-term passion, which comes from my work in the UN. I want to help the underprivileged in China. Consequently, I plan on establishing an IT-based NGO in the long run. My business experience gained from my post-MBA job will render me better positioned Comment 36 to contribute to this scenarioapplying cost-effective technologies (only possible through my experience with an elite technology firm) to make better the quality of life in communities that have not changed in decades, if not centuries.After all, the betterment of the sinless nation cannot hinge upon the prosperity of but a number of regions or cities. Based on my experience in consulting and the UN Comment 37 I believe that managing an NGO shares much synergy wi th running a for-profit business. The leadership experience developed and social connections established in the business arena should be most conducive to my long-term career aspiration. The end of my achievements in business will ultimately find their way in the social cause.Yes, financial standing is an important yardstick,Comment 38 against which personal success is judged however, it will be even more fulfilling if I can share this success with the needy and bring benefits to them. As the Comment 39 leading business school, Wharton offers many lectures in addition to Comment 40 cases that prepare students for all kinds of real business challenges and opportunities, which caters Comment 41 well to my career aspiration Comment 42. Admittedly, Wharton is most famous for its strength in finance however, it has, over the years, Comment 43 also produced a plethora of successful general managers.Having give tongue to that, I Comment 44 trust Wharton is where I can attack my weak link by brushing Comment 45 up my financial skills, which I believe are indispensable to my career advancement later on. He is a sharp cookie, a natural leader just waiting to burst out of his shell, goes the footnote on my first performance review. My communication with Wharton students and alumni has fully attested to my belief that Wharton is the very school that will transform me from a candidate to a bona fide leader of the future.

Creative Song Assignment Essay

The Creative Song Assignment was an interesting assignment, because I direct zero go in mixing music. It was an interesting experience, because it did take me out of my comfort zone. When I first started, I felt up lost. I had no idea what I was doing, so I decided to do a teentsy research to see how I can best complete this assignment. I lastly settled on using a class called Audacity and the genres of pelvis hop and resource rock.I chose a program called audacity, because it gives you an option of mixing different songs. I am sure that there are a serving of other programs better suited for this assignment, exactly I found this to be pretty easy to use. I really enjoyed playing around with the different settings. It took me a couple of days before I last picked two songs to work on. I am sure that there are many more experient people out there that can mix my songs better than me, but I think I did a good job considering my experience level.I decide to pick pelvic girdl e hop and alternative rock, because they are two of my favorite genres. I know that hip hop and alternative rock have been mixed before, so I felt an intrigue in trying to accomplish this myself. I knew that I wanted to use Radioheads Karma Police as my alternative, because that is one of my favorite songs. I had a severe time picking a rap song, because the lyrics did not match up well together. I finally decided to just use a hip hop beat that I found on soundcloud. In my opinion, I felt that this was best, because you can hear the lyrics of the alternative song, but still hear the hip hop beat. The part that took me a while was trying to get the songs in sync perfectly. I really wanted to find a way to lower the alternative rock songs instrumentals, but I could not do it. I think it would have sounded better if I could mix the hip hop beat with the Karma Police vocals. I am sure it could probably be done with paid mixing equipment.